2.1 The lower analytical limit for TBTB is 0.1 µg/ml.

2.2 This is based on a detection limit of 0.02 µg/ml for graphite furnace analysis of Sn as TBTB in 1-propanol.

3.1 Precision	S = 0.028
3.2 Coefficient of Variation	CV = 0.030
3.3 Recovery	Average mean recovery = 1.01

The above are based on recovery data for eighteen FWSB-PVC filters, spiked with TBTB in 1-propanol at 1/2, 1, and 2× the PEL based on a 200 liter air volume and 0.1 mg/m³ PEL. Six samples were spiked at each level. Refer to addendum for data on recovery study.

6.1 Apparatus

6.1.1 Sample collection

Personal sampling pumps
AA sampling cassettes as needed

6.1.2 Sample analysis

Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
HGA graphite furnace
Electrodeless discharge lamp for Sn
Laboratory glassware

6.2. Reagents

All reagents should be ACS analyzed reagent grade or better.

6.2.1 1-propanol

6.2.2 Stock tributyltin benzoate

6.3 Safety precautions

6.3.1 Use caution when handling 1-propanol and organotins. Tributyltin benzoate is a toxic compound. Always wear rubber gloves and work under a fume hood. Waste organics should be collected in a suitable marked container and properly disposed of in the organic laboratory.

6.3.2 Avoid using glassware with chips or sharp edges. Never pipette by mouth.

6.3.3 Before using the graphite furnace, the analyst should read the operator's manual and be familiar with the equipment. Ensure that the furnace tube is properly seated, the contact rings are clean, and that cooling water is circulating. Do not exceed an atomization temperature of 2750 degrees. Heating or cooling problems could cause the tube to explode on atomization.

Always wear safety glasses and never look at the tube during atomization. Even during normal firing, the intense light is harmful to the eyes.

Be aware of the high current supplied to the furnace through the copper cables; check that the insulating cover is in place over the terminals.

Since toxic substances are vented by the furnace, a fume hood must be in operation over the furnace.

6.3.4 Observe care with respect to harming the equipment. Do not operate an EDL below its recommended wattage. Be certain that the purge air is circulating when using the background corrector. Do not operate any equipment without first reading its instruction manual.

6.4 Glassware Preparation

6.4.1 Clean the 50 mL volumetric flasks by refluxing with 1:1 nitric acid. Thoroughly rinse all glassware with D.I. water, invert, and allow to dry.

6.5. Standard Preparation

6.5.1 The procedure is to analyze the tin in tributyl tin benzoate. Prepare the standards by diluting stock TBTB in 1-propanol assuming a theoretical tin content of 28.86%.

6.5.2 Prepare a stock solution by weighing 0.3465 g TBTB into a 100 ml volumetric flask, diluting to volume with 1-propanol and mixing well. This is equivalent to 1,000 ppm Sn.

From this a 10 ppm Sn stock solution is made by two serial 10-fold dilutions.

6.5.3 Working standards are prepared from the 10 ppm Sn stock as follows:

Prepared std.		Std. soln. used		Aliquot		Dil. vol.
1.0 ppm		10.0 ppm		5 mL		50 mL
0.4 ppm		10.0 ppm		2 mL		50 mL
0.2 ppm		1.0 ppm		10 mL		50 mL
0.1 ppm		1.0 ppm		5 mL		50 mL
0.04 ppm		1.0 ppm		2 mL		50 mL
0.02 ppm		1.0 ppm		1 mL		50 mL

6.6 Sample Preparation

Transfer the FWSB-PVC filter to a clean 50 mL volumetric flask. Add 40 mL 1-propanol to each flask and sonicate for 5 minutes. Dilute to volume with 1-propanol and invert several times to ensure thorough mixing.

6.7 Analysis

The analysis is done by graphite furnace/AA. The instrumental parameters for determining Sn in 1-propanol are as follows:

Atomic absorption unit:
Sn wavelength	224.6 nm
integ. time	10 sec.
slit width	0.7 low
signal	Pk. Ht.
mode	AbS
BGC	on

Furnace parameters:
step	temperature	ramp time		hold time		internal flow
dry	100 °C	50 s		40 s		50 mL/min
char	800 °C	50 s		20 s		50 mL/min
atomize	2500 °C	0 s		8 s		30 mL/min
(with HGA 500, program -10 chart and 0 read in atomization step)
Chart = 5 mv scale, 20mm/min

6.7.2 Parameters are adjusted so that the 1.0 ppm standard gives a near full-scale deflection on the chart. The entire series of standards is run at the beginning and end of the analysis; a standard is also run after every fourth or fifth sample during the analysis.