The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Turpentine

RTECS #: YO8400000

CAS #: 8006-64-2

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: N/R MF: N/R


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. REVIEWS:
  6. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  7. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  8. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  9. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Oil of turpentine
  2. Oil of turpentine, rectified
  3. Essential oils, turpentine
  4. G 4134
  5. Gum turpentine
  6. Gum spirits of turpentine
  7. Spirit of turpentine
  8. Spirits of turpentine
  1. Terebenthine (French)
  2. Turpentine oil, rectifier
  3. Turpentine steam distilled
  4. Terpentin oel (German)
  5. Wood turpentine
  6. Turpentine (ACGIH:OSHA)
  7. Turpentine oil


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
human 		175 ppm N/R JIHTAB 25,282,1943
skin
rabbit 		500 µL severe NTIS** OTS0545856


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R N/R


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 gm/kg/20 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CNREA8 19,413,1959


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 16 gm/m3/1 hour N/R 85GMAT -,119,1982
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 175 ppm Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		JIHTAB 25,282,1943
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 6 gm/m3/3 hour Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Behavioral: Headache 		AHYGAJ 83,239,1914
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 700 mg/m3/15 minute Behavioral: Headache

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,000 mg/m3/1 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 449 mg/m3/2 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes OEMEEM 53,100,1996
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29 mg/m3/2 hour Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		TXAPA9 6,360,1964
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 30,000 mg/m3 Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight 		VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12 gm/m3/6 hour Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		TXAPA9 10,8,1967
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 16,600 mg/m3/2 hour Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight 		VCVPS* -,291,1998
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13,700 mg/m3/4 hour Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough 		VCVPS* -,291,1998
intravenous
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 71 µL/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Associated connective tissue

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		AJEMEN 4,543,1986
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,180 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		TXAPA9 6,360,1964
oral
infant 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,748 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		ADCHAK 28,475,1953
oral
infant 		lowest published toxic dose: 874 mg/kg Behavioral: Antipsychotic ADCHAK 28,475,1953
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,857 µL/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		FSINDR 65,47,1994
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		BMJOAE 2,77,1931
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,760 mg/kg N/R PHARAT 14,435,1959
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes ADCHAK 28,475,1953
skin
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 5,010 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTIS** OTS0545856
unreported route
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,777 mg/kg N/R FSINDR 65,47,1994
unreported route
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 441 mg/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 20 ppm (sen) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BLFSBY 24,253,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 128,85,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled/New AI RBREV* -,280,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,274,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 100 ppm (556 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 25 ppm (140 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 300 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 600 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 560 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 840 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 300 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 25 ppm (150 mg/m3), KTV 50 ppm (300 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 5 mg( week)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 100 ppm (560 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 100 ppm (566 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO TURPENTINE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 74990;
Number of Industries 139;
Total Number of Facilities 12,405;
Number of Occupations 92;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 113,949
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X5757;
Number of Industries 75;
Total Number of Facilities 7,231;
Number of Occupations 62;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 116,433;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 22,205
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 74990;
Number of Industries 146;
Total Number of Facilities 19,493;
Number of Occupations 94;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 351,747;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 144,051


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as paint thinner, solvent for various resins, polishes and waxes
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9158
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Turpentine, 1551
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982
ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926-
AHYGAJ Archiv fuer Hygiene. (Munich, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-100, 1883-1928. For publisher information, see ZHPMAT.
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983-
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973-
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FSINDR Forensic Science International. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.12- 1978-
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
OEMEEM Occupational and Environmental Medicine. (BMJ Publishing Group, POB 299, London WC1H 9TD, United Kingdom) V.51- 1994-
PHARAT Pharmazie. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1946-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVPS* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Prirodnie organicheskie soedinenia" (Hazardous substances. Nature products.) Volkova N.V. et al., Sankt-Peterburg, 1998.

Used as paint thinner, solvent for various resins, polishes and waxes

NIOSH PROFILE (PAINT AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (SPRAY PAINTING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (PAINT AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING), SRI, 2/7

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Human Data
   Natural Product
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 8052-40-2
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