The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Titanium oxide

RTECS #: XR2275000

CAS #: 13463-67-7

UPDATE: February 2005 MW: 79.90 MF: O2Ti


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1700 White
  2. A - Fil Cream
  3. Atlas white titanium dioxide
  4. Austiox R - CR 3
  5. Bayertitan
  6. Baytitan
  7. Brookite
  8. C - Weiss 7 (German)
  9. C.I. 77891
  10. C.I. Pigment White 6
  11. Calcotone White T
  12. Cosmetic White C47 - 5175
  13. Cosmetic White C47 - 9623
  14. E 171
  15. Flamenco
  16. Hombitan
  17. Horse Head A - 410
  18. Horse Head A - 420
  19. Horse Head R - 710
  20. KH 360
  21. Kronos
  22. Kronos titanium dioxide
  23. Levanox White RKB
  24. NCI - C04240
  25. Pigment White 6
  26. Rayox
  27. Runa RH20
  1. Rutiox CR
  2. Ti - Pure
  3. Tichlor
  4. Tiofine
  5. Tiona T.D.
  6. Tioxide
  7. Tipaque
  8. Titafrance
  9. Titan White
  10. Titandioxid (Swedish)
  11. Titanium dioxide
  12. Titanium dioxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
  13. Titanium peroxide
  14. Titanox
  15. Titanox 2010
  16. Trioxide (S)
  17. Tronox
  18. Unitane
  19. Unitane O - 110
  20. Unitane O - 220
  21. Unitane OR - 150
  22. Unitane OR - 340
  23. Unitane OR - 342
  24. Unitane OR - 350
  25. Unitane OR - 540
  26. Unitane OR - 640
  27. Zopaque


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
human 		300 µg/3 day- intermittent mild 85DKA8 -,127,1977


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA inhibition hamster lung 500 mg/L TIVIEQ 1,71,1987
micronucleus test hamster ovary 5 µmol/L MUREAV 414,15,1998
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		3 gm/kg/3 day- continuous EMMUEG 21,160,1993
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 1 µmol/L MUREAV 414,15,1998


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		TXAPA9 79,179,1985
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 10 mg/m3/18 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		INHTE5 7,533,1995
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		NCIUS* PH43-64-886
intramuscular
rat 		toxic dose : 260 mg/kg/84 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		NCIUS* PH43-64-886


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains TOLED5 142,71,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lethal dose : >100 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		INHEAO 35,61,1997
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 gm/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		EPASR* #86940001000,1994


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
hamster 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi TOXID9 54,13,2000
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi INHTE5 12(Suppl 3),275,2000
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TXAPA9 145,10,1997
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi TOXID9 54,13,2000


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 47,307,1989
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 47,307,1989
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 47,307,1989
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 133,17,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,223,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD NUISANCE PARTICULATES DTLWS* 3,29,1973
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, respirable fraction CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 15 mg/m3, total dust CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 15 mg/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 6 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 6 mg(Ti)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 10 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 6 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg(Ti)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 30 mg(Ti)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, total inhalable dust, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 4 mg/m3, respirable dust, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO TITANIUM DIOXIDE-air Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: M0913;
Number of Industries 112;
Total Number of Facilities 8,751;
Number of Occupations 78;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 117,618
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: M0913;
Number of Industries 425;
Total Number of Facilities 167,223;
Number of Occupations 246;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,749,569;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 540,849


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as pigment for paint, also used in paper and cardboard manufacture
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat NCITR* NCI-TR-97,1979


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DKA8 "Cutaneous Toxicity, Proceedings of the 3rd Conference, 1976," Drill, V.A., and P. Lazar, eds., New York, Academic Press, Inc. 1977
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown.
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INHEAO Industrial Health. (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan) V.1- 1963-
INHTE5 Inhalation Toxicology. (Published by Taylor & Francis Health, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE) V.1- 1989-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
NCIUS* Progress Report for Contract No. PH-43-64-886, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by The Institute of Chemical Biology, University of San Francisco. (San Francisco, CA 94117)
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-

Used as pigment for paint, also used in paper and cardboard manufacture

Top 50 chemical production: 2.53 billions lbs in 1992, 2.19 billions in 1991

NIOSH PROFILE (TITANIUM AND ITS COMPOUNDS), SRC, 4/78

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 1309-63-3
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