The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Strychnine

RTECS #: WL2275000

CAS #: 57-24-9

UPDATE: February 2005 MW: 334.45 MF: C21H22N2O2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  3. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  4. REVIEWS:
  5. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  6. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  7. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  8. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Mouse - nots
  2. Mouse - rid
  3. Mouse - tox
  4. Strychnin (German)
  5. Boomer - rid
  6. Certox
  7. Dolco mouse cereal
  8. Gopher bait
  9. Gopher - gitter
  10. Hare - Rid
  1. Kwik - kil
  2. Mole death
  3. Pied piper mouse seed
  4. RCRA waste number P108
  5. Ro - Dex
  6. Sanaseed
  7. Stricnina (Italian)
  8. Strychnidin - 10 - one (9CI)
  9. Strychnine (ACGIH:OSHA)
  10. Strychnos


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R N/R


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 µg/kg (5 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth 		PSEBAA 100,555,1959


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intramuscular
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 628 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		CHHTAT 54,234,1974
intramuscular
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,400 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		CHHTAT 54,234,1974
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 980 µg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement 		JPETAB 128,176,1960
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity 		JOETD7 76,145,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,100 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold JPETAB 58,239,1936
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity JOETD7 77,143,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.25 mg/kg N/R HBPTO* 1,157,2001
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold EURNE* 13,257,2003
intravenous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 330 µg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 µg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia 		JPETAB 126,41,1959
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 410 µg/kg N/R AIPTAK 128,204,1960
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 582 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		CHHTAT 54,234,1974
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.57 mg/kg N/R HBPTO* 1,157,2001
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.42 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold TXCYAC 173,249,2002
intravenous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.58 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold TXCYAC 173,249,2002
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 µg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia 		JPETAB 126,41,1959
oral
domestic bird 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,500 µg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
oral
wild bird 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 20,57,1971
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold RMVEAG 154,137,1978
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		PECAE5 15,264,1999
oral
chicken 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
oral
duck 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 20,57,1971
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold RMVEAG 154,137,1978
oral
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,100 µg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R PCOC** -,1073,1966
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R PEMNDP 9,771,1991
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 5,143 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Coma

Cardiac: Change in rate 		JTCTDW 30,269,1992
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2 mg/kg N/R IJEBA6 19,1075,1981
oral
pigeon 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 21 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 20,57,1971
oral
quail 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 20,57,1971
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,350 µg/kg N/R JAPMA8 31,113,1942
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 600 µg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
parenteral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,060 µg/kg N/R ARZNAD 11,657,1961
subcutaneous
domestic bird 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 250 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Irritability 		CHHTAT 54,234,1974
subcutaneous
chicken 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
subcutaneous
duck 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 350 µg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 35 µg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 3,200 µg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1403,1935
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 474 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold APSXAS 7,329,1970
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.2 mg/kg Behavioral: Anticonvulsant JOETD7 78,73,2001
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold FATOAO 49,22,1986
subcutaneous
pigeon 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,200 µg/kg N/R RPTOAN 31,260,1968
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold FATOAO 49,13,1986
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 400 µg/kg N/R FDWU** -,-,1931
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2,000 mg/kg N/R HBPTO* 1,157,2001
unreported route
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.75 mg/kg N/R HBPTO* 1,158,2001
unreported route
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.71 mg/kg N/R HBPTO* 1,158,2001
unreported route
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,103 µg/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 µg/kg N/R IGAYAY 112,861,1980
unreported route
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg N/R PEMNDP 9,771,1991


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLCHAU 19,361,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTCTDW 38,71,2000


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: RED Completed RBREV* -,278,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 DTLVS* 3,235,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.45 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.15 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.15 mg/m3, KZG- week 0.3 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.45 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO STRYCHNINE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.15 mg/m3 NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 70060;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 18;
Number of Occupations 1;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 18
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 70060;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 46;
Number of Occupations 2;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 511;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 325


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Strychnine, 5016


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898-
APSXAS Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica. (Apotekarsocieteten-Farmacevtiska Foereningen, Box 1136, S-111, 81 Stockholm, Sweden) V.1- 1964-
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CHHTAT Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi. Chinese Medical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1915- Suspended 1967-72.
CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EURNE* European Neuropsychopharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Nov.1990-
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR.
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
HBPTO* Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Robert Krieger ed, Academic press, 2001
IGAYAY Igaku No Ayumi. Progress in Medicine. (Ishiyaku Shuppan K.K., 1-7-10, Honkomagom, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1946-
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE.
JOETD7 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1979-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
PCOC** Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. (Topeka, KS)
PECAE5 Pediatric Emergency Care. (Williams & Wilkins, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1985-
PEMNDP Pesticide Manual. (The British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Rd., Thornton Heath CR4 7QG, UK) V.1- 1968-
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
RMVEAG Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire. (Masson Pub. USA, Inc., Year Book Medical Pub., 35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago IL 60601) V.1- 1824-
RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-

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RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Drug
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Natural Product

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