The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Silica, crystalline - quartz

RTECS #: VV7330000

CAS #: 14808-60-7

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 60.09 MF: O2Si


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Agate
  2. Amethyst
  3. Chalcedony
  4. Cherts
  5. Crystalline silica
  6. Crystallized silicon dioxide
  7. D & D
  8. DQ12
  9. Flint
  10. Flintshot
  11. Gold bond R
  12. Imsil
  13. Min - U - Sil
  14. Novaculite
  15. Onyx
  16. Quartz
  17. Quartz silica
  18. Quazo puro (Italian)
  19. Rock crystal
  1. Rose quartz
  2. SF 35
  3. Sand
  4. Sicron F 300
  5. Siderite (SiO2)
  6. Sikron F 100
  7. Sil - Co - Sil
  8. Silica
  9. Silica dust
  10. Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
  11. Silica, crystalline quartz (ACGIH:OSHA)
  12. Silicon oxide, di - (sand)
  13. Silver bond B
  14. Snowit
  15. TGL 16319
  16. Tiger - eye
  17. W 12
  18. W 12 (Filler)
  19. alpha - Quartz


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA damage intratracheal
rat 		3 mg/kg TXAPA9 189,84,2003
micronucleus test hamster lung 160 µg/cm2 MUREAV 335,27,1995
micronucleus test human lung 40 µg/cm2 MUREAV 335,27,1995


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/6 hour/71 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ENVRAL 40,499,1986
implant
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,000 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		BJCAAI 22,825,1968
implant
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		AICCA6 10,119,1954
implant
rat 		toxic dose : 4,554 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CORTBR 88,223,1972
intrapleural
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 83 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		31BYAP -,92,1974
intrapleural
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease 		JNCIAM 57,509,1976
intrapleural
rat 		toxic dose : 200 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma 		JNCIAM 48,797,1972
intrapleural
rat 		toxic dose : 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		BJCAAI 41,908,1980
intrapleural
rat 		toxic dose : 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		AIHAAP 41,836,1980
intrapleural
rat 		toxic dose : 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JJIND8 79,797,1987
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		ZHPMAT 162,467,1976
intraperitoneal
rat 		toxic dose : 90 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease 		JNCIAM 57,509,1976
intraperitoneal
rat 		toxic dose : 450 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		NATWAY 59,318,1972
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 111 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CREMEX 2,243,1986
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/19 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		EVHPAZ 34,47,1980
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease 		JNCIAM 57,509,1976


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 16 million particles per cubic foot/8 hour/17.9 year- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		NTIS** PB246-697
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 300 µg/m3/10 year- intermittent Liver: Other changes ANYAA9 271,324,1976
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,45,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/kg Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),372,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe 		AJPHAP 267,L686,1994
implant
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 183,46,2002
intratracheal
mouse 		lethal dose : >20 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		ARDSBL 141(Suppl),A3-A937,1990
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16.7 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema TOXID9 72,44,2003
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TXAPA9 185,1,2002
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),353,2003
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains TOLED5 142,71,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) BJIMAG 10,9,1953
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		JTEHD6 19,403,1986
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/1 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		IVIEM* -,453,1985
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) ARTODN 74,716,2001
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15.69 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOXID9 72,43,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TOXID9 72,45,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),372,2003
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg N/R BIJOAK 27,1007,1933
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg N/R JNCIAM 1,241,1940
intravenous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 90 mg/kg N/R JNCIAM 57,509,1976
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 gm/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		EPASR* #86940001000,1994


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 gm/m3/10 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		EXLRDA 15,409,1989
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 28 mg/m3/3 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TXAPA9 68,152,1983
inhalation
hamster 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/6 hour/78 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight 		INHTE5 10,699,1998
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/818 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,44,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,475 µg/m3/8 hour/21 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes ENVRAL 39,331,1986
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,932 µg/m3/24 hour/39 week- continuous Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		ENVRAL 21,298,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 80 mg/m3/26 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Blood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		GTPZAB 31(1),24,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 108 mg/m3/6 hour/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXAPA9 107,350,1991
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 mg/m3/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		FCTOD7 29,341,1991
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/26 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,44,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.74 mg/m3/2 year- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,44,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/75 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,44,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.88 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Blood: Other changes

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		TXCYAC 175,63,2002
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11.52 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		TXCYAC 175,63,2002
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 µg/kg/12 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		TXCYAC 175,63,2002
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 960 µg/kg/12 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 175,63,2002


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 (R) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Suspected Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 42,39,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 68,41,1997
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT 42,39,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 68,41,1997
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMEMDT 68,41,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
31BYAP -,94,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,83,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,223,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - respirable dust in air time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/% resp. SiO2+2 DTLWS* 3,33,1973
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - total dust in air time-weighted average 30 mg/m3/2(SiO2+3) DTLWS* 3,33,1973
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 30 mg/m3/(%SiO2+2), total dust CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 250 million particles per cubic foot/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 250 million particles per cubic foot/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 10/(X+2), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (total dust), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.075 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.15 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (resp. dust), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 30 mg/m3 (total dust), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Suspected Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Suspected Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO SILICA, crystalline quartz-air Carcinogen;
10 hour time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 66495;
Number of Industries 59;
Total Number of Facilities 4,077;
Number of Occupations 82;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 81,221
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X6478;
Number of Industries 2;
Total Number of Facilities 135;
Number of Occupations 10;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 8,927;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 741
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 66495;
Number of Industries 254;
Total Number of Facilities 53,724;
Number of Occupations 173;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 944,731;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 112,888


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a mineral, natural or synthetic fiber
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 36, 1981
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Silica, crystalline in coal mine dust, by IR, 7603
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Silica, crystalline, by XRD, 7500; by VIS, 7600; by IR, 7602
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID142
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-125G


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974
AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20, 1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW.
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AJPHAP American Journal of Physiology. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1898-
ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877-
ARDSBL American Review of Respiratory Disease. (American Lung Assoc., 1740 Broadway, New York, NY 10019) V.80- 1959-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BIJOAK Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1906-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CORTBR Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) No.26- 1963-
CREMEX Cancer Research Monographs. (Praeger Pub., 521 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10175) V.1- 1983-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown.
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
EXLRDA Experimental Lung Research. (Hemisphere Publishing, c/o Taylor & Francis 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007) V.1- 1980-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INHTE5 Inhalation Toxicology. (Published by Taylor & Francis Health, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE) V.1- 1989-
IVIEM* In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts (Third International Workshop, E. G. Beck, J. Bignon, Editors; Berlin, Springer-Verlag) 1985.
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NATWAY Naturwissenschaften. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1913-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene, Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.155-169, 1971-1979. For publisher information, see ZAOMDC.

Used as a mineral, natural or synthetic fiber

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Organometallic
   Mutagen
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 1317-79-9
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