The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Phenol

RTECS #: SJ3325000

CAS #: 108-95-2

UPDATE: February 2005 MW: 94.12 MF: C6H6O


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Acide carbolique (French)
  2. Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment
  3. Benzenol
  4. Carbolic acid
  5. Carbolsaure (German)
  6. Fenol (Dutch, Polish)
  7. Fenolo (Italian)
  8. Hydroxybenzene
  9. Monohydroxybenzene
  10. Monophenol
  11. NCI - C50124
  1. Oxybenzene
  2. Phenic acid
  3. Phenylic alcohol
  4. RCRA waste number U188
  5. Phenol (ACGIH:OSHA)
  6. Phenol alcohol
  7. Phenole (German)
  8. Phenyl hydrate
  9. Phenyl hydroxide
  10. Phenylic acid


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		5 mg severe UCDS** 1/6/1966
eye
rabbit 		5 mg/30S rinse mild TXCYAC 23,281,1982
skin
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour severe BIOFX* 27-4/1973
skin
rabbit 		535 mg open irritation test severe UCDS** 1/6/1966
skin
rabbit 		100 mg mild KSGZA3 33,518,1980


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 2 gm/L SCIEAS 236,933,1987
cytogenetic analysis hamster embryo 100 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
cytogenetic analysis multiple
other fish 		300 nL/L JFIBA9 26,13,1985
DNA damage mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 250 mmol/L PNASA6 48,686,1962
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 1,500 µmol/L MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA inhibition hamster lung 1,900 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,51,1988
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 1 mmol/L SAIGBL 16,453,1974
DNA inhibition oral
mouse 		20 gm/kg ARGEAR 51,605,1981
DNA inhibition mouse lymphocyte 800 µmol/L MOPMA3 28,560,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster embryo 3 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		4 gm/kg JJIND8 74,1283,1985
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 300 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) SCIEAS 236,933,1987
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 200 mg/L/8 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 492,13,2001
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 40 µmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 90,91,1981
micronucleus test hamster lung 4 mmol/L EVHPAZ 82,81,1989
micronucleus test hamster ovary 175 mg/L EMMUEG 26,240,1995
micronucleus test hamster embryo 500 mg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 561,153,2004
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		265 mg/kg MUREAV 208,61,1988
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		265 mg/kg MUREAV 209,23,1988
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Aspergillus nidulans 15 µmol/L MUTAEX 2,235,1987
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster embryo 3 mmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 1,890 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,193,1988
morphological transform hamster embryo 10 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
other mutation test systems human HeLa cell 17 mg/L WATRAG 19,677,1985
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 5 µmol/L CNREA8 45,2471,1985
other mutation test systems mouse other cell types 2,500 µmol/L CBTOE2 2,231,1986
other mutation test systems rabbit bone marrow 250 µmol/L AJIMD8 7,485,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 300 mg/L SCIEAS 236,933,1987
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 1 mmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 5 µmol/L CNREA8 45,2471,1985
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Drosophila melanogaster ovary 100 ppm NATUAS 157,162,1946


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (12-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TXAPA9 19,373,1971
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,300 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		NTIS** PB85-104461
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,600 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** PB85-104461
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system NTIS** PB85-104461
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		TJADAB 33,92C,1986
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		NTIS** #PB83-247726
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) NTIS** PB83-247726
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** PB83-247726
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		NTIS** OTS0573554
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female NTIS** OTS0537777
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		NTIS** #PB83-247726


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg/40 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CNREA8 19,413,1959
skin
mouse 		toxic dose : 4,000 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CNREA8 19,413,1959


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 177 mg/m3 N/R GISAAA 41(6),103,1976
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression TOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 177 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration : 110 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 316 mg/m3 N/R GISAAA 41(6),103,1976
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 316 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration : 232 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Proteases 		VCVGK* -,197,1994
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 1,228,1955
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 180 mg/kg N/R PHMCAA 10,172,1968
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease TOXID9 72,207,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg N/R FCTOD7 22,665,1984
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 620 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 80,233,1944
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor QJPPAL 12,212,1939
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 180 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 80,233,1944
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1319,1935
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1319,1935
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 14 gm/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		34ZIAG -,463,1969
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Skin and Appendages: Other: Sweating 		29ZWAE -,329,1968
oral
infant 		lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		34ZIAG -,463,1969
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 38(8),6,1973
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 265 mg/kg/12 hour Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above MUREAV 208,61,1988
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 317 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold PSEBAA 32,592,1935
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 512 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 420 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 80,233,1944
parenteral
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 290 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Cardiac: Other changes 		AEPPAE 166,437,1932
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 80,233,1944
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 75 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1319,1935
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 290 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 1,228,1955
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 450 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 1,228,1955
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 344 mg/kg N/R INHEAO 5,143,1967
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 460 mg/kg N/R TOIZAG 10,1,1963
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 620 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 80,233,1944
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 669 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria

Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) 		BJIMAG 27,155,1970
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,500 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,197,1994
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 630 mg/kg N/R UCDS** 1/6/1966
unreported route
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg N/R RMSRA6 15,561,1895
unreported route
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg N/R RMSRA6 15,561,1895
unreported route
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,714 µg/kg Olfaction: Other olfaction effects VHTODE 41,151,1999
unreported route
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg N/R RMSRA6 15,561,1895


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 µg/m3/8 hour/26 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		KHZDAN 16,33,1973
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/4 hour/17 week- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		GISAAA 37(10),105,1972
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/24 hour/61 day- continuous Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase 		GISAAA 38(7),7,1973
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/4 hour/122 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		VCVGK* -,197,1994
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 174 mg/kg/28 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response 		EPEPEG 228,107,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTIS** #PB83-247726
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia 		NTIS** #PB83-247726
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,750 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Fluid intake

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOXID9 48,359,1999


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 5 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 47,263,1989
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,749,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 47,263,1989
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,749,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 71,749,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,99,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JIHTAB 31,146,1949
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 47,75,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ZKKOBW 78,99,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,3,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,53,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Supported RBREV* -,331,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* 3,203,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (38 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 8 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 5 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 20 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 5 ppm, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), KTV 2 ppm (8 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), KZG- week 10 ppm (38 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO PHENOL-air 10 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (Sk);
ceiling concentration 15.6 ppm/15 minute (Sk) 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 55460;
Number of Industries 185;
Total Number of Facilities 23,275;
Number of Occupations 127;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 296,662
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 55460;
Number of Industries 229;
Total Number of Facilities 31,983;
Number of Occupations 155;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 584,372;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 120,977


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/122012)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-reversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a pharmaceutical and veterinary drug
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cresol (all isomers) and phenol, 2546
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Phenol, 3502; in urine, 8305
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (oral);no evidence:mouse,rat NCITR* NCI-TR-203,1980
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #32


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
29ZWAE "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968
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KSGZA3 Kyushu Shika Gakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Kyushu Dental Society. (c/o Kyushu Shika Daigaku, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan) V.1- 1933- Suspended 1941-50.
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MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
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NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869-
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PHMCAA Pharmacologist. (American Soc. for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20014) V.1- 1959-
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Used as a pharmaceutical and veterinary drug

Top 50 chemical production: 3.71 billions lbs in 1992, 3.60 billions in 1991

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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