The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Nitrous acid, sodium salt

RTECS #: RA1225000

CAS #: 7632-00-0

UPDATE: February 2004 MW: 69.00 MF: NO2•Na


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Anti - rust
  2. Diazotizing salts
  3. Dusitan sodny (Czech)
  4. Erinitrit
  5. Filmerine
  1. Azotyn sodowy (Polish)
  2. Natrium nitrit (German)
  3. NCI - C02084
  4. Nitrite de sodium (French)
  5. Sodium nitrite


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 28ZPAK -,15,1972


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay human
Salmonella typhimurium 		200 mmol/L CANCAR 47,889,1981
body fluid assay other fish
Salmonella typhimurium 		450 µg/L CALEDQ 20,147,1983
body fluid assay other fish
Escherichia coli 		450 µg/L CALEDQ 20,147,1983
cytogenetic analysis hamster HeLa cell 265 mg/L MUREAV 189,333,1987
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 530 mg/L/34 hour MUREAV 48,337,1977
cytogenetic analysis hamster embryo 20 mmol/L MUREAV 56,69,1977
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 400 mg/L GMCRDC 27,95,1981
cytogenetic analysis monkey liver 265 mg/L MUREAV 189,333,1987
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		60 mg/kg/30 day- continuous CALEDQ 30,315,1986
cytogenetic analysis mouse mammary gland 10 mmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 40,119,1976
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
rat 		100 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent PRKHDK 4,151,1979
cytogenetic analysis oral
rat 		2,730 mg/kg/13 day- continuous JTEHD6 13,643,1984
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
rat 		69 mg/kg MUREAV 240,281,1990
DNA damage mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 1 mole JCPBAN 58,1005,1961
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 105 mmol/L MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA damage other microorganisms 100 mmol/L JMOBAK 116,31,1977
DNA damage other microorganisms 1 mole/L JCPBAN 58,1005,1961
DNA damage other microorganisms 1 mole/L MUREAV 25,235,1974
DNA inhibition hamster lung 100 ppm NEOLA4 32,341,1985
DNA inhibition human fibroblast 2,000 ppm NEOLA4 32,341,1985
DNA inhibition human other cell types 725 µmol/L IJCNAW 47,396,1991
DNA repair Escherichia coli 625 µg/well MUREAV 133,161,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 6 mmol/L FCTOD7 21,551,1983
host-mediated assay mouse
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 		362 µmol/kg MUREAV 113,21,1983
mutation in microorganisms Bacillus subtilis 400 mole (-enzymatic activation step) MOPMA3 4,411,1968
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 50 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) GENTAE 61,376,1969
mutation in microorganisms Neurospora crassa 5 µmol/L/2 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MGGEAE 111,159,1971
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 2 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) VIRLAX 37,335,1969
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 17 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) FOMIAZ 15,48,1970
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 4 pph (-enzymatic activation step) ZAPOAK 16,279,1976
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) BBRCA9 2,324,1960
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 50 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) TGANAK 3,87,1968
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 3,350 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) VIRLAX 81,192,1977
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 50 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) AMICCW 103,141,1975
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 2 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) VIRLAX 74,154,1976
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 50 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) ZBPIA9 128,678,1974
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 700 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) JOVIAM 15,1,1975
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) JOVIAM 15,41,1975
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 10 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) FOMIAZ 23,177,1978
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 4 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) JOVIAM 7,295,1971
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 1 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) AVIRA2 21,397,1977
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 50 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) JGMIAN 128,1401,1982
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 5 mole/L (-enzymatic activation step) MGGEAE 141,207,1975
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 200 mg/kg (-enzymatic activation step) JOVIAM 37,936,1981
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 250 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 28,31,1975
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MIBUBI 25,94,1991
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 5 mg/plate EXONC* 15,25,1992
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 72,500 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MGGEAE 102,290,1968
mutation in microorganisms Schizosaccharomyces pombe 34 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) ADWMAX -,193,1962
micronucleus test oral
hamster 		500 mg/kg IJCNAW 24,365,1979
gene conversion and mitotic recombination oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		36 mmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 518,95,2002
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 100 µmol/L MGGEAE 168,125,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells oral
hamster 		100 mg/kg IAPUDO 41,585,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 1,000 ppm NEOLA4 32,341,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 70,400 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,193,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse mammary gland 1 mmol/L/2 day MUREAV 40,119,1976
morphological transform oral
hamster 		100 mg/kg BBRCA9 81,310,1978
morphological transform hamster other cell types 100 mmol/L/24 hour BBRCA9 55,1117,1973
morphological transform hamster fibroblast 50 mmol/L/3 hour GANNA2 67,165,1976
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 10 mmol/L CRNGDP 11,595,1990
other mutation test systems Haemophilus influenzae 100 mmol/L MUREAV 61,129,1979
other mutation test systems other microorganisms 1 mole/L JCPBAN 58,1005,1961
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 2,200 mg/L MUREAV 192,239,1987
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 215 µg/well ANYAA9 463,347,1986
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 3 mmol/L PJACAW 53,46,1977
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		5 mg/kg CALEDQ 31,299,1986
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Aspergillus nidulans 500 mmol/L MUREAV 10,111,1970
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		72,500 µmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 222,359,1989
sperm morphology oral
mouse 		840 mg/kg/2 week MUREAV 204,689,1988


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg (10-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		ZVNDAM 43,613,1993
intravenous
cattle 		lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg (30-31 week pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus THGNBO 33,1075,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (1-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) TJADAB 18,367,1978
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		NEZAAQ 42,836,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,680 mg/kg (14 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) MUREAV 204,689,1988
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg (14 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) MUREAV 204,689,1988
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) NTIS** #PB91132027
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system NTIS** #PB91132027
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 660 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		AJHEAA 62,1045,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11 gm/kg (1-22 day pregnant/21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		TOXID9 4,89,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,280 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant/20 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) FAATDF 9,668,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,080 mg/kg (20 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		FAATDF 9,668,1987
subcutaneous
pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,890 mg/kg (15-105 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) VCVN5* -,41,1989


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,149 mg/kg (2 week male/2 week prior to copulation-3 week after birth) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 45,3561,1985
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 118,965 mg/kg/103 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		NTIS** PB2001-107676
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,190 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		HKXUDL 6,246,1986
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 63 gm/kg/95 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		JJIND8 64,1435,1980
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 91 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		FCTOD7 20,25,1982
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 183 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		FCTOD7 20,25,1982
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 100 gm/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		CRNGDP 4,1189,1983
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 40 gm/kg/56 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ZKKOBW 90,87,1977
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 365 gm/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		TCMUD8 8,35,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 27,300 mg/kg/273 day- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens 		VOONC* 37,203,1991


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5.5 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVN5* -,40,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 mg/m3/4 hour Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		VCVN5* -,40,1993
intramuscular
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Other changes 		ETOPFR 7,237,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 158 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 165,30,1969
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Other changes 		ETOPFR 7,237,1999
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia TOXID9 72,32,2003
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg N/R 27ZIAQ -,245,1973
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		VCVN5* -,41,1993
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 65 mg/kg N/R ARZNAD 13,320,1963
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Coma

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased 		JPETAB 41,121,1931
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,500 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1372,1935
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 22 mg/kg Vascular: Other changes LANCAO 2,162,1917
oral
chicken 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28,944 µg/kg N/R AJVRAH 30,2185,1969
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 330 mg/kg N/R 27ZIAQ -,245,1973
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		VCVN5* -,41,1993
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		DMWOAX 74,961,1949
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 71 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		34ZIAG -,543,1969
oral
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 321 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		IJMDAI 28,289,1992
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,714 µg/kg/70 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		JCINAO 16,73,1937
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 175 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation 		FAONAU 53A,97,1974
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response FCTOD7 39,119,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		FCTOD7 39,119,2001
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 180 mg/kg N/R AIHAAP 30,470,1969
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 186 mg/kg N/R SOVEA7 27,246,1974
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 35 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands 		AEPPAE 126,209,1927
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above 		FATOAO 44,210,1981
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 60 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		AIPTAK 21,425,1911
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		VCVN5* -,41,1993
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1372,1935
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg Behavioral: Excitement

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		AIPTAK 35,480,1929
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes FATOAO 50,74,1987
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R FATOAO 44,210,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 96,600 µg/kg N/R ATSUDG 14,231,1991
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose : 120 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Blood: Other changes 		FATOAO 45,76,1982
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R FATOAO 44,210,1981
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 60 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1372,1935
unreported route
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.36 gm/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		VCVN5* -,41,1993


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3/4 hour/30 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases 		GISAAA 37(3),41,1972
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 125 µg/m3/22 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		GTPZAB 16(10),36,1972
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.125 mg/m3/4 hour/22 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		VCVN5* -,42,1989
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 960 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		GTPZAB 34(6),29,1990
oral
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 53.5 gm/kg/9 week- continuous Cardiac: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		VCVN5* -,42,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 mg/kg/90 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Other changes BECTA6 60,185,1998
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/1 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response FCTOD7 39,119,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/1 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response FCTOD7 39,119,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16,800 mg/kg/35 day- continuous Behavioral: Fluid intake NTIS** #PB91132027
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes KHZDAN 25,558,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,500 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		BCTKAG 13,41,1980
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,080 mg/kg/61 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		ENVRAL 5,409,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,477 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		GISAAA 44(7),8,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 134 gm/kg/64 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain JEPTDQ 2(3),687,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 185 gm/kg/61 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOLED5 6,199,1980
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 27 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		VCVN5* -,41,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired VCVN5* -,41,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 110 mg/kg/22 day- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic 		VCVN5* -,42,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 912.5 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) 		VCVN5* -,42,1989
subcutaneous
pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,890 mg/kg/90 day- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		VCVN5* -,41,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JSFAAE 26,1761,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 2,67,1973


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled RBREV* -,318,1998
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 69230;
Number of Industries 229;
Total Number of Facilities 40,763;
Number of Occupations 127;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 389,731
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 69230;
Number of Industries 250;
Total Number of Facilities 47,686;
Number of Occupations 169;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 928,532;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 274,167


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: SHE-clonal assay; In vivo cytogenetics-mammalian oocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test; In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-forward mutation; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Rodent heritable translocation; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a chemical intermediate, dye, pigment, printing ink, food and feed additive
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (water);equivocal evidence:mouse
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (water);no evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (post peer review), October 2000


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
27ZIAQ "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973
28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969
ADWMAX Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fuer Medizin. (Berlin, Ger. Dem. Rep.) 1950-68. Discontinued.
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898-
AJHEAA American Journal of Public Health. (American Public Health Assoc., 1015 15th St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.2-17, 1912-27; V.61- 1971-
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Used as a chemical intermediate, dye, pigment, printing ink, food and feed additive

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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