The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Nickel (II) oxide (1:1)

RTECS #: QR8400000

CAS #: 1313-99-1

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 74.71 MF: NiO


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Black nickel oxide
  2. Bunsenite
  3. C.I. 77777
  4. Green nickel oxide
  5. Mononickel oxide
  6. Nickel monoxide
  1. Nickel oxide
  2. Nickel oxide sinter 75
  3. Nickel protoxide
  4. Nickel (II) oxide
  5. Nickelous oxide


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA adduct intratracheal
rat 		5 mg/kg EVHPAZ 110,789,2002
mutation in microorganisms other microorganisms 80 mmol/L/6 hour TOXID9 72,235,2003
morphological transform hamster kidney 100 mg/L IAPUDO 53,193,1984
morphological transform human fibroblast 50 µmol/L CNREA8 47,3815,1987
morphological transform mouse embryo 500 µmol/L PAACA3 24,100,1983
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.1 mg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 37,231,2001
morphological transform rat other cell types 50 mg/L MUREAV 300,179,1993


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-451,1996
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,250 µg/m3/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-451,1996
implant
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 95 mg/kg/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PAACA3 5,50,1964
intramuscular
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 22,158,1962
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 71,264 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		IAPUDO 53,127,1984
intramuscular
rat 		toxic dose : 180 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 22,158,1962
intrapleural
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		55DXAE -,37,1985
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		VOONAW 24(4),44,1978


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AEC-TR-6710
intravenous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 12,700 µg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 9 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
oral
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg N/R FDRLI* 7684B,1983
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg N/R ZVKOA6 19,186,1974


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,460 µg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response 		FAATDF 15,476,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30,032 µg/m3/6 hour/12 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TXCYAC 50,145,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 600 µg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		TXCYAC 57,255,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30,032 µg/m3/6 hour/12 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight 		TXCYAC 50,145,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/24 hour/4 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		EESADV 8,516,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/24 hour/4 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		EESADV 8,516,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 µg/m3/24 hour/17 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		DTESD7 8,555,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 350 mg/m3/2 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		VCVN5* -,495,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/24 hour/17 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		VCVN5* -,495,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 11,75,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 49,257,1990
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCTXAV 9,105,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX Ni,168,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DICHAK 54,527,1968
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CREOH* 42,35,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,69,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 DTLVS* 3,178,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 (insoluble compounds), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Ni)/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY short term exposure limit 0.005 mg(Ni)/m3, Carcinogen (insoluble compounds), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 0.25 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.05 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.1 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.5 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.5 mg(Ni)/m3 (insoluble compounds), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Ni)/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NICKEL, INORGANIC-air Carcinogen;
10 hour time-weighted average 0.015 mg(Ni)/m3 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84269;
Number of Industries 11;
Total Number of Facilities 311;
Number of Occupations 14;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 4,916
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84269;
Number of Industries 22;
Total Number of Facilities 702;
Number of Occupations 31;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 18,166;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 5,820


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in the manufacture of stainless and alloy steels
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP Carcinogenesis studies (inhalation);some evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-451,1996
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:mouse,rat
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
55DXAE "Progress in Nickel Toxicology, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nickel Metabolism and Toxicology, 3rd, 1984," Brown, S.S., and F.W. Sunderman, Jr., eds., Oxford, UK, Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., 1985
85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CREOH* Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V. 1- 1983-
DICHAK Diseases of the Chest. (Chicago, IL) V.1-56, 1935-69. For publisher information, see CHETBF.
DTESD7 Developments in Toxicology and Environtal Science. (Elsevier Science, New York, NY) V.1-15, 1977-87. Discontinued
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977-
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued.
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FDRLI* Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. (P.O. Box 107, Rt. 17C, Waverly, NY 14892-0107)
IAPUDO IARC Publications. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.27- 1979-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research. (Waverly Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1954-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VCVN5* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989.
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955-
ZVKOA6 Zhurnal Vsesoyuznogo Khimicheskogo Obshchestva im. D.I. Mendeleeva. Journal of the D.I. Mendeleeva All-Union Chemical Society. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.5- 1960-

Used in the manufacture of stainless and alloy steels

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Natural Product

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