The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Naphthalene

RTECS #: QJ0525000

CAS #: 91-20-3

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 128.18 MF: C10H8


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Albocarbon
  2. Naftalen (Polish)
  3. Camphor tar
  4. Mighty 150
  5. Mighty RD1
  6. Moth balls
  7. Moth flakes
  8. Naphthalene (ACGIH:OSHA)
  1. Naphthalin
  2. Naphthaline
  3. Naphthene
  4. NCI - C52904
  5. RCRA waste number U165
  6. Tar camphor
  7. White tar


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		100 mg mild BIOFX* 16-4/1970
skin
rabbit 		495 mg open irritation test mild UCDS** 1/11/1968
skin
rabbit 		0.5 mL/24 hour severe ETOPFR 16,153,2004


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 30 mg/L NTPTR* NTP-TR-410,1992
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 30 mg/L MUREAV 393,23,1997
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.1 mg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 37,231,2001
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 15 mg/L NTPTR* NTP-TR-410,1992
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		5 mmol/L MUREAV 341,235,1995


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,925 mg/kg (1-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system 		TXAPA9 48,A35,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 mg/kg (7-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		JTEHD6 15,25,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		NTIS** PB92-135623


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-410,1992
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,854 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		NTIS** PB92-224260/AS
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,890 mg/kg/105 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors 		NTIS** PB2001-103699
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,575 mg/kg/105 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors 		NTIS** PB2001-103699
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,500 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors 		APAVAY 329,141,1956


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3 Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Headache 		VCVGH* -,221,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >340 mg/m3/1 hour Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) 		BIOFX* 16-4/1970
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD691-490
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		VCVGH* -,220,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXAPA9 192,107,2003
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg N/R CSLNX* NX#00203
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R 28ZRAQ -,228,1960
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,200 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		GISAAA 47(11),78,1982
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 316 mg/kg N/R WDZAEK 4,243,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 158 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TXCYAC 175,73,2002
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 490 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,89,1982
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 969 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor TOIZAG 20,772,1973
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2,500 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 14,515,1969
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 gm/kg N/R NTIS** AD-A062-138
skin
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mL/kg/24 hour Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow ETOPFR 16,153,2004
unreported route
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,200 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) VCVGH* -,220,1990
unreported route
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 29 mg/kg N/R YKYUA6 31,1499,1980
unreported route
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 74 mg/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 580 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) VCVGH* -,220,1990
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,250 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) VCVGH* -,220,1990


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg/2 day- intermittent Eye: Other eye effects LETRET 6,203,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,738 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FAATDF 4,406,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 11,970 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen FAATDF 4,406,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 gm/kg/11 week- intermittent Eye: Other eye effects TOLED5 115,195,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TOLED5 8,311,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,680 mg/kg/28 day- continuous Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight BIOFX* 16-4/1970
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,450 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		ARTODN 61,480,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Behavioral: Sleep

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		NTIS** #PB92-135623
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTIS** #PB92-135623
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/4 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Fluid intake 		NTIS** #PB92-135623
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes NTIS** #PB92-135623
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/10 day- intermittent Eye: Other eye effects

Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage 		BIJOAK 102,842,1967
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,100 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field NTIS** #PB92-219831


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2002
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin);short term exposure limit 15 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value short term exposure limit 15 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2002
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 82,367,2002
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 82,367,2002
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 82,367,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 540,89,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 558,155,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXCYAC 180,97,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 558,7,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,353,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 5432012003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,401,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Supported RBREV* -,135,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,177,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 10 ppm (52 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 15 ppm (79 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (100 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 40 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 80 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 50 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 20 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 75 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 10 ppm (53 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 15 ppm (80 mg/m3), SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

short term exposure limit 15 ppm (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
short term exposure limit 15 ppm (skin)


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NAPHTHALENE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm;
short term exposure limit 15 ppm 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 49600;
Number of Industries 71;
Total Number of Facilities 4,341;
Number of Occupations 68;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 44,297
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 49600;
Number of Industries 83;
Total Number of Facilities 7,209;
Number of Occupations 87;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 112,696;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 5,220


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264362)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in preparation of PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, 1-NAPHTHYL-N-METHYL CARBONATE and beta-NAPHTHOL
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, aromatic, 1501
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC, 5506; by GC, 5515
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);clear evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (inhalation);some evidence:mouse NTPTR* NTP-TR-410,1992
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:mouse
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (camera copy in progress), October 2000
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #35


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
28ZRAQ "Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons," Gerarde, H., New York, Elsevier, 1960
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982
APAVAY Virchows Archiv fuer Pathologische, Anatomie und Physiologie, und fuer Klinische Medizin. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-343, 1847-1967. For publisher information, see VAAPB7.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BIJOAK Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1906-
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CSLNX* U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
LETRET Lens and Eye Toxicity Research. (Marcel Dekker, Journal Customer Service, POB 5017, Monticello, NY 12701) V.6n.1-2- 1989-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
TOIZAG Toho Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of Medical Society of Toho University. (Toho Daigaku Igakkai, 21-16, Omori-nishi, 5-chome, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143, Japan) V.1- 1954-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817)
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
WDZAEK Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi. Journal of Health Toxicology. (Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi Bianjibu, Dongdaqiao, Chaoyang Menwai, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1987
YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950-

Used in preparation of PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE, 1-NAPHTHYL-N-METHYL CARBONATE and beta-NAPHTHOL

NIOSH PROFILE (NAPHTHALENE), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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