The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Methane, bromo -

RTECS #: PA4900000

CAS #: 74-83-9

UPDATE: February 2005 MW: 94.95 MF: CH3Br


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Bercema
  2. Brom - O - Gas
  3. Brom - O - Sol
  4. Brom - methan (German)
  5. Bromometano (Italian)
  6. Bromomethane
  7. Bromure de methyle (French)
  8. Bromuro di metile (Italian)
  9. Broommethaan (Dutch)
  10. Celfume
  11. Curafume
  12. Dawson 100
  13. Detia gas EX - M
  14. Dowfume MC - 2
  15. Dowfume MC - 2 soil fumigant
  16. Dowfume MC - 33
  17. Embafume
  18. Fumigant - 1 (Obs.)
  19. Halon 1001
  1. Haltox
  2. Iscobrome
  3. Kayafume
  4. Metafume
  5. Methogas
  6. Methyl bromide
  7. Methyl bromide (ACGIH:OSHA)
  8. Methylbromid (German)
  9. Metylu bromek (Polish)
  10. Monobromomethane
  11. Pestmaster (Obs.)
  12. Profume (Obs.)
  13. R 40B1
  14. RCRA waste number U029
  15. Terabol
  16. Terr - O - Cide II
  17. Terr - O - Gas 100
  18. Terr - O - Gas 67
  19. Zytox


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 95 mg/L TCMUD8 10,21,1990
mutation in microorganisms Klebsiella pneumoniae 4,750 mg/m3 (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 155,41,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 400 ppm (+enzymatic activation step) DHEFDK FDA-78-1046,1978
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 5,000 mg/m3 (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 116,185,1983
micronucleus test inhalation
mouse 		100 ppm/6 hour/14 day- intermittent NTPTR* NTP-TR-385,1992
micronucleus test inhalation
rat 		338 ppm/6 hour/14 day- intermittent MUREAV 164,269,1986
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 300 µg/L MUREAV 155,41,1985
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 3 pph ENMUDM 9,171,1987
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 43,000 ppm ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),48,1985
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 5 mg/L TCMUD8 10,21,1990
sister chromatid exchange inhalation
mouse 		200 ppm/6 hour/14 day- intermittent NTPTR* NTP-TR-385,1992
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		150 mg/m3/6 hour MUREAV 113,272,1983
specific locus test inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		8 mg/L/1 hour- continuous MUREAV 192,131,1987


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female FCTOD7 36,421,1998
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 130 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female FCTOD7 36,421,1998


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 ppm/6 hour/2.5 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors 		NTIS** OTS0559186
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,250 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		TXAPA9 72,262,1984


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
child 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1 gm/m3/2 hour Blood: Change in clotting factors NHOZAX 23,241,1969
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 300 ppm/9 hour Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		XPHBAO 185,1,1929
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,200 mg/m3/9 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes VCVGH* -,575,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 35 ppm Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Skin: After topical application: Corrosive 		INMEAF 11,575,1942
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 30,000 mg/m3 N/R VCVGH* -,575,1990
inhalation
man 		lowest published lethal concentration: 60,000 ppm/2 hour Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		BJIMAG 2,24,1945
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3 Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,574,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 5,200 mg/m3 Behavioral: Ataxia VCVGH* -,574,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1,540 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,574,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4,680 mg/m3/1 hour N/R VCVGH* -,574,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 302 ppm/8 hour Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TXAPA9 81,183,1985
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2,250 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,575,1990
inhalation
rabbit 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 28,900 mg/m3/30 minute N/R FATOBP 8,140,1973
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,000 mg/m3/30 minute N/R VCVGH* -,575,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 313 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,572,1990
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		NTIS** OTS0528834
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 214 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 72,262,1984
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 135 mg/kg N/R INHEAO 26,101,1988
skin
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 gm/m3/40 minute- intermittent Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative ARDEAC 124,917,1988


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 850 mg/m3/8 hour/26 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		JIHTAB 22,218,1940
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 mg/m3/8 hour/26 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		JIHTAB 22,218,1940
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/6 hour/14 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field NTPTR* NTP-TR-385,1992
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 120 ppm/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-385,1992
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6 hour/6 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Endocrine: Other changes

Blood: Changes in spleen 		FAATDF 11,594,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 120 ppm/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-385,1992
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/6 hour/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) 		TXAPA9 112,120,1992
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 160 ppm/6 hour/6 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Cardiac: Other changes 		FAATDF 11,594,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/4 hour/3 week- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TOLED5 6,293,1980
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 130 mg/m3/8 hour/26 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JIHTAB 22,218,1940
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,840 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FCTOD7 28,109,1990


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 41,187,1986
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 71,721,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 41,187,1986
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,721,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 71,721,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,3,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 5432012003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Supported RBREV* -,132,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 15 ppm (60 mg/m3) (skin) DTLWS* 3,23,1973
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) ceiling concentration 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) ceiling concentration 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) ceiling concentration 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) ceiling concentration 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Suspected Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 40 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), KTV 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), KZG- week 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 5 ppm (20 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 15 ppm, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO METHYL BROMIDE-air Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: M0420;
Number of Industries 10;
Total Number of Facilities 597;
Number of Occupations 14;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 15,899
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: M0420;
Number of Industries 4;
Total Number of Facilities 513;
Number of Occupations 5;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 5,603;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 975


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/110682/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in fire extinguishers
Used as a fumigant in pest control and as a methylation agent in industry
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0493-8835
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 43, 1984
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Methyl bromide, 2520
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);no evidence:mouse


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
ARDEAC Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DHEFDK HEW Publication (FDA. United States). (Washington, DC) ?-1979(?). For publisher information, see HPFSDS.
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FATOBP Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Kiev). Pharmacology and Toxicology. (Kievskii Nauchno- Issledovatel'skii Institut Farmakologii i Toksikologii, Kiev, USSR) No.1- 1964-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INHEAO Industrial Health. (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan) V.1- 1963-
INMEAF Industrial Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-18, 1932-49. For publisher information, see IOHSA5.
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NHOZAX Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine. (Nippon Hoi Gakkai, c/o Tokyo Daigaku Igakubu Hoigaku Kyoshitsu, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1944-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC)

Used in fire extinguishers

Used as a fumigant in pest control and as a methylation agent in industry

NIOSH PROFILE (ALIPHATICS, BROMINATED), SRI, 2/77

NIOSH PROFILE (FUMIGANTS), SRC, 10/77

NIOSH PROFILE (GRAIN HANDLERS), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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