The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Melamine

RTECS #: OS0700000

CAS #: 108-78-1

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 126.15 MF: C3H6N6


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Aero
  2. DG 002 (amine)
  3. Cyanuramide
  4. Cyanuric triamide
  5. Cyanurotriamide
  6. Cyanurotriamine
  7. Hicophor PR
  8. Isomelamine
  9. NCI - C50715
  1. 2,4,6 - Triamino - s - triazine
  2. 2,4,6 - Triamino - 1,3,5 - triazine
  3. 1,3,5 - Triazine - 2,4,6 - triamine
  4. s - Triazine, 2,4,6 - triamino -
  5. Pluragard
  6. Pluragard C 133
  7. Teoharn
  8. Theoharn
  9. Virset 656 - 4


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 28ZPAK -,153,1972


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		1 gm/kg ENMUDM 4,342,1982
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 10 µg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 37,231,2001
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 78 µg/well MUREAV 260,349,1991


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 µg/m3 (17 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		GISAAA 58(2),14,1993


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 195 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		TXAPA9 72,292,1984
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 197 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-245,1983
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 162 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		TXAPA9 72,292,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 194,670 mg/kg/25 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		NTIS** PB83-202630


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3,248 mg/m3 N/R GISAAA 58(2),14,1993
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		38MKAJ 2A,2769,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 3,200 mg/kg Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		38MKAJ 2A,2769,1981
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,296 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 72,292,1984
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,161 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 72,292,1984
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1 gm/kg N/R ATDAEI 1,110,1990
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 gm/kg N/R GISAAA 58(2),14,1993
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6 gm/kg N/R GISAAA 58(2),14,1993


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 µg/m3/17 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		GISAAA 58(2),14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 µg/m3/45 day- continuous Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase 		GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 µg/m3/120 day- continuous Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/90 day- continuous Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation 		GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 µg/m3/105 day- continuous Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/45 day- continuous Liver: Liver function tests impaired GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 58 µg/m3/90 day- continuous Liver: Liver function tests impaired GISAAA -,14,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/120 day- continuous Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) GISAAA -,14,1993
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 93,600 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes NTPTR* NTP-TR-245,1983
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50,400 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Inflammation, necrosis or scarring of bladder NTPTR* NTP-TR-245,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,840 mg/kg/4 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTIS** OTS0535236
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32,760 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-245,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 gm/kg/14 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Inflammation, necrosis or scarring of bladder

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-245,1983


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 73,329,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 39,333,1986
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 39,333,1986
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 73,329,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 73,329,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ECIET* (1),-,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 543,201,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 81887;
Number of Industries 32;
Total Number of Facilities 1,043;
Number of Occupations 49;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 31,892
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 81887;
Number of Industries 27;
Total Number of Facilities 2,132;
Number of Occupations 44;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 43,104;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 6,239


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber and synthetic textiles
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);clear evidence:rat
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);no evidence:mouse


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1- 1990-
ECIET* European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre. Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals. (Avenue Louise 250, B-63, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium)
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-

Used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber and synthetic textiles

NIOSH PROFILE (LEATHER TANNING), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 504-18-7
ALT CAS #: 65544-34-5
ALT CAS #: 67757-43-1
ALT CAS #: 68379-55-5
ALT CAS #: 70371-19-6
ALT CAS #: 94977-27-2
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