The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Maleic anhydride

RTECS #: ON3675000

CAS #: 108-31-6

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 98.06 MF: C4H2O3


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Anhydrid kyseliny maleinove (Czech)
  2. 2,5 - Furandione
  3. cis - Butenedioic anhydride
  4. Maleic acid anhydride
  1. Toxilic anhydride
  2. RCRA waste number U147
  3. Maleic anhydride (ACGIH:OSHA)
  4. Maleinanhydrid (Czech)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		1% severe AJOPAA 29,1363,1946


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 230 mg/L GMCRDC 27,95,1981


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,060 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) FAATDF 7,359,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** OTS0555583
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		NTIS** OTS0555583


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,220 mg/kg/61 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BJCAAI 17,100,1963


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 97 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,79,1982
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 390 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,79,1982
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 465 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 13(4),42,1969
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg N/R IAEC** 17JUN1974
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 875 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,79,1982
skin
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 gm/kg N/R IAEC** 17JUN1974
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,620 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 42,417,1977


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 9,800 µg/m3/6 hour/26 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FAATDF 10,517,1988
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 686 mg/kg/13 day- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) 		JJATDK 20,221,2000
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response JJATDK 20,221,2000
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) TXCYAC 193,191,2003


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (sen) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,250,1970


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,148,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.25 ppm CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.25 ppm CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg.m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.1 ppm, CEILING 0.2 ppm, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VLE 1 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.4 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.0 mng/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.3 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), KTV 0.6 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), KZV- week 0.4 ppm (1.6 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.25 ppm NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 43660;
Number of Industries 51;
Total Number of Facilities 5,310;
Number of Occupations 69;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 71,386
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 43660;
Number of Industries 65;
Total Number of Facilities 5,924;
Number of Occupations 69;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 81,551;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 14,807


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used in unsaturated polyester resins, agricultural chemicals and lubricating additives
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Maleic anhydride, 3512
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #25
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #86


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GMCRDC Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No. 11- 1971-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IAEC** Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-

Used in unsaturated polyester resins, agricultural chemicals and lubricating additives

NIOSH PROFILE (ORGANIC ANHYDRIDES), SRC, 2/82

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Primary Irritant

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