The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

2 - Imidazolidinethione

RTECS #: NI9625000

CAS #: 96-45-7

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 102.17 MF: C3H6N2S


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1,3 - Ethylene - 2 - thiourea
  2. 1,3 - Ethylenethiourea
  3. 2 - Imadazoline - 2 - thiol
  4. 2 - Mercaptoimidazoline
  5. 2 - Merkaptoimidazolin (Czech)
  6. 2 - Thiol - dihydroglyoxaline
  7. 4,5 - Dihydroimidazole - 2 (3H) - thione
  8. Akrochem etu - 22
  9. ETU
  10. Ethylene thiourea
  11. Ethylene thiouree (French)
  12. Ethylenethiourea
  13. Imidazole - 2 (3H) - thione, 4,5 - dihydro -
  14. Imidazoline, 2 - mercapto -
  15. Imidazoline - 2 - thiol
  1. N,N' - Ethylenethiourea
  2. NA - 22
  3. NA - 22 - D
  4. NCI - C03372
  5. Pennac CRA
  6. RCRA waste number U116
  7. Robac 22
  8. Rodanin S - 62 (Czech)
  9. Sanceller 22
  10. Sodium - 22 neoprene accelerator
  11. USAF EL - 62
  12. Urea, 1,3 - ethylene - 2 - thio -
  13. Vulkacit npv/C2
  14. Warecure C


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 85JCAE -,988,1986


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
rat 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 38,349,1976
cytogenetic analysis oral
rat 		200 mg/kg CSHCAL 4,267,1977
DNA damage Bacillus subtilis 2 mg/disc PMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		2 gm/kg MUREAV 391,201,1997
DNA repair Escherichia coli 500 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,195,1981
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 20 mg/plate MUREAV 38,122,1976
DNA repair Saccharomyes cerevisiae 300 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,502,1981
host-mediated assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		6 gm/kg MUREAV 56,111,1977
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 200 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 1,396,1981
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 1,800 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 12,85,1988
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) EXPEAM 31,214,1975
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 20 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) BJCAAI 37,873,1978
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 5 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MGGEAE 174,39,1979
gene conversion and mitotic recombination oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		1 mmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 518,95,2002
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 50 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,491,1981
morphological transform hamster kidney 80 µg/L BJCAAI 37,873,1978
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 10 gm/L PMRSDJ 1,224,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Aspergillus nidulans 39,200 µmol/L MUREAV 172,139,1986
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 100 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,468,1981
specific locus test multiple
Drosophila melanogaster 		500 µmol/L MUREAV 395,229,1997


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 120 mg/m3/3 hour (7-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		NTIS** PB277-077
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 27,200 µg/m3/3 hour (7-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system NTIS** PB277-077
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) 		TJADAB 34,449,1986
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) TJADAB 34,449,1986
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		CGANE7 30,121,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) CGANE7 30,121,1990
oral
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (16-35 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		TJADAB 18,311,1978
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system JTEHD6 11,287,1983
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,480 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system 		SEIJBO 18,11,1978
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 mg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		JTEHD6 11,287,1983
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,160 mg/kg (6-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) SEIJBO 18,11,1978
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 mg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		JTEHD6 11,287,1983
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio JTEHD6 13,747,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (7-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system JTEHD6 5,821,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TJADAB 23,335,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 27,57A,1983
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 27,57A,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg/kg (11-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) JHSCFD 45,184,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system TJADAB 24,131,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system SEIJBO 18,241,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) FCTOD7 20,273,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) 		ATSUDG 4,292,1980
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		SEIJBO 18,241,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) 		FAATDF 9,415,1987
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,120 mg/kg (7-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TJADAB 7,243,1973
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg (7-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system TJADAB 7,243,1973
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		TXAPA9 48,229,1979
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis 		TXAPA9 48,229,1979
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (12-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TXAPA9 41,35,1977
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,800 mg/kg (7 day prior to copulation/1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		TOXID9 12,102,1992
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		AHEMA5 9,89,1980


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 87,360 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-388,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 77 gm/kg/82 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease 		JNCIAM 42,1101,1969
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 86,520 mg/kg/103 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		NTIS** PB92-191618
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,920 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-388,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,306 mg/kg/77 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		JNCIAM 49,583,1972
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 11,466 mg/kg/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		JJIND8 67,75,1981
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 44 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		EJTXAZ 9,303,1976
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 146 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		EJTXAZ 9,303,1976
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 9,125 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		FCTXAV 13,493,1975
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 5,470 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		GTPZAB 32(2),25,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,737.5 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,475 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,125 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,815 mg/kg/103 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		NTIS** PB92-191618
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,012.5 mg/kg/103 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Thyroid tumors 		NTIS** PB92-191618


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD277-689
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg Endocrine: Other changes ATSUDG Suppl.8,253,1985
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 gm/kg N/R TJADAB 21,71,1980
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,832 mg/kg N/R BECTA6 7,19,1972
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7,800 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 30(5),59,1986


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 µg/m3/10 year- intermittent Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction BJIMAG 41,362,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 277.2 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction 		EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 297 mg/kg/28 day- continuous Endocrine: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		ATSUDG 9,339,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 764 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		JEPTDQ 1(1),147,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 220 mg/kg/7 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXAPA9 67,264,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 mg/kg/17 week- continuous Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		BECTA6 7,19,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,800 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,475 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,950 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,140.6 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,281 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,281 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Cardiac: Changes in heart weight JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight 		JAFCAU 21,324,1973
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 34.86 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight 		EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 29.05 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction EVHPAZ 110,363,2002


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 79,-,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 79,-,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ENVRAL 7,243,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AIHAAP 39(6),A34,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,250,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CNDQA8 14,49,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.6 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.024 mg/m3, 2003


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYLENE THIOUREA-air Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 82079;
Number of Industries 13;
Total Number of Facilities 1,100;
Number of Occupations 39;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 7,475
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 82079;
Number of Industries 11;
Total Number of Facilities 462;
Number of Occupations 24;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 10,749;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1,804


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Rodent dominant lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as vulcanizing accelerator in rubber processing and electroplating baths
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 22, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ethylene thiourea, 5011
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);clear evidence:mouse,rat
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #95


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986
AHEMA5 Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. (Paul Parey Scientific Pub., 35 W. 38th St., Suite 3W, New York, NY 10018) V.2- 1973-
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CGANE7 Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, 377-2 Ono-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka-Fu 589 Japan) V.27- 1987-
CNDQA8 Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique. (Editions Meteore, 42, rue du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France) V.1- 1966-
CSHCAL Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation. (Cold Spring Harbor, NY) V.1-10, 1974-83.
EJTXAZ European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. (Paris, France) V.7-9, 1974-76. For publisher information, see TOERD9.
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1945-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JAFCAU Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1953-
JEPTDQ Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. (Park Forest South, IL) V.1-5(3), 1977-81(?). For publisher information, see JEPOEC.
JHSCFD Journal of Health Science. (Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2-12-15 Shibuya, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan) V. 45- 1999-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MGGEAE Molecular and General Genetics. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.99- 1967-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981-
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher information, see CGANE7.
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-

Used as vulcanizing accelerator in rubber processing and electroplating baths

NIOSH PROFILE (RUBBER MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC), SRI, 2/77

NIOSH PROFILE (THIOUREA AND COMPOUNDS), SRC, 1/82

NIOSH PROFILE (RUBBER MANUFACTURING, SYNTHETIC), FIRL, 4/78

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Hormone
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 96-46-8
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