The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Hydroquinone

RTECS #: MX3500000

CAS #: 123-31-9

UPDATE: February 2005 MW: 110.12 MF: C6H6O2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Arctuvin
  2. 1,4 - Dihydroxy - benzeen (Dutch)
  3. 1,4 - Dihydroxybenzen (Czech)
  4. Dihydroxybenzene
  5. Dihydroxybenzene (OSHA)
  6. p - Dihydroxybenzene
  7. 1,4 - Dihydroxybenzene
  8. 1,4 - Dihydroxy - benzol (German)
  9. 1,4 - Diidrobenzene (Italian)
  10. p - Dioxobenzene
  11. p - Dioxybenzene
  12. Eldopaque
  13. Eldoquin
  14. Hydroquinol
  15. Hydroquinole
  16. Benzene, p - dihydroxy -
  17. p - Benzenediol
  18. 1,4 - Benzenediol
  1. Benzohydroquinone
  2. Benzoquinol
  3. Black and white bleaching cream
  4. Hydrochinon (Czech, Polish)
  5. alpha - Hydroquinone
  6. p - Hydroquinone
  7. p - Hydroxyphenol
  8. NCI - C55834
  9. Phiaquin
  10. Quinol
  11. beta - Quinol
  12. Hydroquinone (ACGIH:OSHA)
  13. Idrochinone (Italian)
  14. Pyrogentistic acid
  15. Tenox HQ
  16. Tequinol
  17. Tecquinol
  18. USAF EK - 356


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
human 		2% mild ARDEAC 93,589,1966
skin
human 		5% severe ARDEAC 93,589,1966
skin
human 		3% VCVGK* -,230,1994


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 20 mg/L EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
cytogenetic analysis hamster embryo 30 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 2 µmol/L/48 hour CRNGDP 21,1485,2000
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		40 mg/kg MUREAV 263,223,1991
DNA adduct human bone marrow 500 µmol/L CRNGDP 12,1181,1991
DNA damage hamster ovary 2.5 mg/L/3 hour MUREAV 537,151,2003
DNA damage human lung 800 µmol/L CBINA8 81,197,1992
DNA damage human lymphocyte 100 µmol/L EMMUEG 26,305,1995
DNA damage other microorganisms 1 mmol/L MUREAV 368,235,1996
DNA damage rat liver 400 µmol/L CALEDQ 63,47,1992
DNA inhibition hamster lung 500 µmol/L CRTOEC 4,151,1991
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 100 µmol/L MUREAV 92,427,1982
DNA inhibition mouse lymphocyte 10 µmol/L MOPMA3 28,560,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster embryo 1 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		8 gm/kg JJIND8 74,1283,1985
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 100 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 467,41,2000
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 2,500 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 11,91,1988
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 90,91,1981
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 750 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 371,293,1996
micronucleus test hamster lung 17,500 nmol/L EVHPAZ 82,81,1989
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 75 µmol/L MUREAV 249,201,1991
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		20 mg/kg MUREAV 341,29,1994
micronucleus test subcutaneous
mouse 		240 mg/kg/6 day- continuous CBINA8 39,129,1982
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		3 mg/kg/6 day TOLED5 121,15,2001
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		80 mg/kg MUREAV 208,61,1988
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Aspergillus nidulans 1 mmol/L MUTAEX 2,235,1987
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster embryo 10 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 1,250 µg/L EMMUEG 11,91,1988
morphological transform hamster embryo 3 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 10 µg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 37,231,2001
other mutation test systems hamster embryo 2 mg/L MUREAV 287,47,1993
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 5 µmol/L CNREA8 45,2471,1985
other mutation test systems oral
mouse 		120 mg/kg MUREAV 343,157,1995
other mutation test systems mouse lymphocyte 10 µmol/L TOLED5 29,161,1985
other mutation test systems mouse other cell types 25 µmol/L CBTOE2 2,231,1986
other mutation test systems rabbit bone marrow 6 µmol/L CBINA8 50,203,1984
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 1 µmol/L MUREAV 373,113,1997
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 500 µg/L EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 20 µmol/L EVHPAZ 82,81,1989
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 5 µmol/L CNREA8 45,2471,1985
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
mouse 		600 mg/kg/3 day VCVGK* -,230,1994
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Aspergillus nidulans 1 mmol/L MUREAV 215,187,1989
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		6 pph MUREAV 469,215,2000
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster embryo 1,250 µg/L MUREAV 287,47,1993
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human lymphocyte 6 mg/L MUREAV 287,57,1993
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human lymphocyte 75 µmol/L MUREAV 322,9,1994
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction intraperitoneal
mouse 		80 mg/kg MUTAEX 4,208,1989
specific locus test rat kidney 25 µmol/L/4 hour MOCAE8 31,37,2001


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) AJANA2 110,29,1962
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 667 mg/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TJADAB 41,43,1990
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg (11 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) TJADAB 41,43,1990
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,950 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Behavioral: Ataxia

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		NTIS** OTS0571419
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes ENDOAO 57,466,1955
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg (11 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders ENDOAO 57,466,1955
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,100 mg/kg (51 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		SSZBAC 12,491,1965


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25,750 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 699 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		JJCREP 82,1211,1991
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 26 gm/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		FCTOD7 30,737,1992
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 174,720 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		CALEDQ 143,71,1999
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 174,720 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CALEDQ 143,71,1999
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25,750 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Thyroid weight (goiter) 		NTIS** PB90-240389
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25,750 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 256 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		EPASR* 8EHQ-0491-1210
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 349 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		JJCREP 82,1211,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,875 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		NTIS** PB90-240389
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,875 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Leukemia 		NTIS** PB90-240389


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement 		FEPRA7 8,348,1949
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R AGSOA6 3,311,1962
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0555537
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 42 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		FEPRA7 8,348,1949
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement 		FEPRA7 8,348,1949
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 29 mg/kg N/R 34ZIAG -,321,1969
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		AMILAN 7,79,1927
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 480 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		TPKVAL 15,136,1979
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 245 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 38(8),6,1973
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/12 hour Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above MUREAV 208,61,1988
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 350 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
oral
pigeon 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Excitement

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		FEPRA7 8,348,1949
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 302 mg/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0555537
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 320 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg N/R IPSTB3 3,93,1976
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 550 mg/kg Behavioral: Ataxia

Behavioral: Tetany

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VCVGK* -,229,1994
parenteral
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 190 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Cardiac: Other changes 		AEPPAE 166,437,1932
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		AEXPBL 72,241,1913
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 183,319,1936
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 190 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 1,160,1955
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 182 mg/kg N/R ZGIMAL 2,333,1947
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,229,1994
skin
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,970 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 45(10),16,1980
unreported route
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg N/R BJCAAI 6,160,1952
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 720 mg/kg N/R GTPPAF 8,145,1972


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4 hour/17 week- intermittent Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		GTPZAB 22(9),35,1978
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen VCVGK* -,230,1994
oral
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 220 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Behavioral: Ataxia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		AEPPAE 183,319,1936
oral
cat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,596 mg/kg/6 week- continuous Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair VCVGK* -,230,1994
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 32,500 mg/kg/65 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg/14 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 236 gm/kg/9 week- continuous Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		PSEBAA 84,684,1953
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/14 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		FAATDF 23,391,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/1 week- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases FAATDF 23,397,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		FAATDF 23,397,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,802,500 mg/kg/103 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		PSEBAA -,684,1953
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18,200 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain VCVGK* -,230,1994


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 71,691,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 15,155,1977
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 15,155,1977
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,691,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 71,691,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,99,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 47,75,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 488,151,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,53,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 5432012003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 DTLVS* 3,133,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 4 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogenm, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 2 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 2 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 4 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.5 mg/m3, KTV 1.5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 2 mg/m3, KZG- week 4 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM LTEL 2 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 4 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HYDROQUINONE-air ceiling concentration 2 mg/m3/15 minute NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: M0747;
Number of Industries 143;
Total Number of Facilities 24,380;
Number of Occupations 88;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 116,192
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: M0747;
Number of Industries 177;
Total Number of Facilities 40,917;
Number of Occupations 136;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 442,749;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 144,063


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used as an industrial chemical, chemical intermediate, pharmaceutical and veterinary drug
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydroquinone, 5004
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);some evidence:mouse,rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);equivocal evidence:mouse,rat


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AGSOA6 Agressologie. Revue Internationale de Physio-Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquees aux Effets de l'Agression. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1960-
AJANA2 American Journal of Anatomy. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1-192, 1901-91.
AMILAN Annales de Medecine Legale. Criminologie, Police Scientifique et Toxicologie. (Paris, France) V.1, 1920-51; V.39-47, 1958-67. For publisher information, see MLDCAS.
ARDEAC Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CBTOE2 Cell Biology and Toxicology. (Princeton Scientific Pub., Inc., 301 N. Harrison St., CN 5279, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1984-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CRTOEC Chemical Research in Toxicology. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57/36, West End Station, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1988-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENDOAO Endocrinology (Baltimore). (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21203) V.1- 1917-
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown.
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Used as an industrial chemical, chemical intermediate, pharmaceutical and veterinary drug

FDA-over the counter drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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