The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
Hydrocyanic acid |
UPDATE: November 2004 | MW: 27.03 | MF: CHN |
SYNONYMS: | |
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SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
SYSTEM TEST |
ROUTE/ ORGANISM/ TISSUE | DOSE | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
inhalation cat | lowest published lethal concentration: 550 mg/m3 | N/R | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation human | lowest published lethal concentration: 120 mg/m3/1 hour | N/R | JIHTAB 24,255,1942 |
inhalation human | lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3/10 minute |
Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | WHOTAC -,30,1970 |
inhalation human | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Headache | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation human | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3 |
Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation human | lowest published lethal concentration: 100 mg/m3/1 hour |
Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation human | lowest published lethal concentration: 120 mg/m3/30 minute |
Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation human | lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3/10 minute |
Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
inhalation mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal concentration: 200 ppm/5 minute | N/R | AEPPAE 138,65,1928 |
inhalation mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal concentration: 36 ppm/2 hour | N/R | TABIA2 3,231,1933 |
inhalation man | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/3 minute- continuous |
Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | HUTODJ 3,57,1984 |
inhalation man | lowest published lethal concentration: 400 mg/m3/2 minute | N/R | 85GMAT -,75,1982 |
inhalation monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 17 ppm/10 minute |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/30 minute |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 7.1 ppm/1 hour |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 3.5 ppm/4 hour |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 ppm/8 hour |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 323 ppm/5 minute | N/R | TXAPA9 42,417,1977 |
inhalation rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 160 ppm/30 minute | N/R | FAATDF 9,236,1987 |
inhalation rat | lowest published lethal concentration: 138 ppm/15 minute | N/R | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation rat | lowest published lethal concentration: 127 ppm/30 minute | N/R | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation rat | lowest published lethal concentration: 88 ppm/1 hour | N/R | TOXID9 72,159,2003 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm |
Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | TOSCF2 66,131,2002 |
inhalation rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 208 mg/m3/35 minute |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Blood: Other changes | TSUJDP 13,263,1994 |
intramuscular mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,700 µg/kg | N/R | BJPCAL 23,455,1964 |
intramuscular pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 1,500 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
intramuscular rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 486 µg/kg | N/R | JACTDZ 1(3),120,1982 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,990 µg/kg | N/R | BJPCAL 23,455,1964 |
intraperitoneal rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,570 µg/kg | N/R | BJPCAL 23,455,1964 |
intravenous cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 810 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,340 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous domestic animal | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 660 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** PB158-508 |
intravenous guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,430 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous man | lowest published toxic dose: 55 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | NTIS** PB158-508 |
intravenous monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,300 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 990 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 810 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
intravenous rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 660 µg/kg | N/R | NTIS** AD-A028-501 |
ocular rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,040 µg/kg |
Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JTOTDO 2,119,1983 |
oral domestic bird | lowest published lethal dose: 600 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
oral wild bird | lowest published lethal dose: 7,500 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
oral duck | lowest published lethal dose: 3,280 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
oral dog | lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
oral human | lowest published lethal dose: 570 µg/kg | N/R | PCOC** -,596,1966 |
oral mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,700 µg/kg | N/R | APFRAD 19,740,1961 |
oral pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 14 mg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
oral pig | lowest published lethal dose: 2 mg/kg | N/R | AEHLAU 22,496,1971 |
oral rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous domestic bird | lowest published lethal dose: 100 µg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous wild bird | lowest published lethal dose: 100 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
subcutaneous cat | lowest published lethal dose: 1,100 µg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous dog | lowest published lethal dose: 1,700 µg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous frog | lowest published lethal dose: 60 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 100 µg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous human | lowest published lethal dose: 1 mg/kg | N/R | SCJUAD 3(4),33,1967 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 3 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1340,1935 |
subcutaneous pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 2,150 µg/kg | N/R | FDWU** -,-,1931 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,500 µg/kg | N/R | BJPCAL 23,455,1964 |
skin dog | lowest published lethal dose: 100 pph/47 minute | N/R | VCVN1* -,334,1988 |
unreported route man | lowest published lethal dose: 1,471 µg/kg | N/R | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
REVIEWS: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD |
REFERENCE |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value | ceiling concentration 4.7 ppm(CN) (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| EVHPAZ 11,163,1975 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| FNSCA6 2,67,1973 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| JOCMA7 1,281,1959 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| TOLED5 134,3,2002 |
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD |
REFERENCE |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8 hour time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 10 ppm (10 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 10 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA | MAK 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK | time-weighted average 5 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND | short term exposure limit 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE | VME 2 ppm (2 mg/m3), VLE 10 ppm (10 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY | MAK 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.6 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS | MAC- continuous 11 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 0.3 mg/m3, CEILING 10 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA | time-weighted average 10 ppm, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN | CEILING 5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND | MAK- week 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), KZG- week 20 ppm (22 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY | time-weighted average 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM | short term exposure limit 10 ppm (11 mg/m3), Skin, SEP2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value; ceiling concentration 4.7 ppm(CN) (skin) | |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value ceiling concentration 4.7 ppm(CN) (skin) |
NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD or SURVEY |
REFERENCE |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HYDROGEN CYANIDE-air | short term exposure limit 4.7 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 38530; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 461; Number of Occupations 17; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,137 | |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 38530; Number of Industries 13; Total Number of Facilities 91; Number of Occupations 57; Total Number of Employees Exposed 3,994; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 254 |
STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES: | |
ORGANIZATION |
REFERENCE |
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
Used in chemical synthesis of sequestrants, polymers, weed killers, and pharmaceuticals | |
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9215 | |
On EPA IRIS database | |
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cyanides (aerosol and gas), 7904 | |
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrogen cyanide, 6010 |
REFERENCES: | |
CODEN |
REFERENCE |
85DCAI | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 |
85GMAT | "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 |
AEHLAU | Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- |
AEPPAE | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. |
APFRAD | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1943- |
BJPCAL | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. (London, UK) V.1-33, 1946-68. For publisher information, see BJPCBM. |
CFRGBR | Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) |
DTLVS* | The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 |
EVHPAZ | EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- |
FAATDF | Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2 |
FDWU** | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931 |
FNSCA6 | Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. |
HBAMAK | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) |
HUTODJ | Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1981- |
JACTDZ | Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. |
JIHTAB | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. |
JOCMA7 | Journal of Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-9, 1957-67. For publisher information, see:JJOMDZ |
JTOTDO | Journal of Toxicology, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1982- |
NIOSH* | National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. |
NTIS** | National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. |
PCOC** | Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. (Topeka, KS) |
SCJUAD | Science Journal. (London, UK) V.1-7, 1965-71. For publisher information, see NWSCAL. |
TABIA2 | Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63. Discontinued. |
TOLED5 | Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- |
TOSCF2 | Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998- |
TOXID9 | Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- |
TSUJDP | Toxic Substances Journal. (Springborn Management Consultants, 30 Springborn Center, Enfield, CT 06082) V.1- 1979- |
TXAPA9 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- |
VCVN1* | "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988. |
WHOTAC | World Health Organization, Technical Report Series. (WHO, 1211 Geneva, 27, Switzerland) No.1- 1950- |