The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Hexane

RTECS #: MN9275000

CAS #: 110-54-3

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 86.20 MF: C6H14


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Esani (Italian)
  2. Gettysolve - B
  3. Heksan (Polish)
  4. Hexanen (Dutch)
  1. Hexyl hydride
  2. NCI - C60571
  3. n - Hexane
  4. n - Hexane (ACGIH:OSHA)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		10 mg mild TXAPA9 55,501,1980


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 500 mg/L FCTOD7 22,623,1984
cytogenetic analysis subcutaneous
rat 		7.5 mL/kg/12 week- intermittent TCMUD8 20,329,2000
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 132 mmol/L MUREAV 341,83,1994


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm (6-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** #PNL6590
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm (6-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) NTIS** #PNL6590
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10,000 ppm/7 hour (15 day prior to copulation/1-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TOXID9 1,152,1981
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/6 hour (8-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) TJADAB 19,22A,1979
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/20 hour (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** DE88-006812
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** #PNL6453
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		NTIS** #PNL6453
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 238 gm/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) DCTODJ 3,393,1980


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 9,018 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		NTIS** OTS0537874
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/4 hour/59 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		JOCHFV 41,261,1999


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 190 ppm/8 week Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath AJIMD8 10,111,1986
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,400 mg/m3/10 minute Behavioral: Headache

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVGH* -,31,1990
inhalation
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 126 gm/m3 Behavioral: Excitement

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation 		VCVPS* -,71,1998
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 120 gm/m3 Behavioral: General anesthetic

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Cardiac: Other changes 		AEPPAE 143,223,1929
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 150,000 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,31,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 48,000 ppm/4 hour N/R ARPTDI 22,145,1982
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/24 hour Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		EXMPA6 46,199,1987
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 627,000 mg/m3/3 minute N/R VCVGH* -,30,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 9,100 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 1,156,1959
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 831 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) APTOA6 37,56,1975
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 132 mg/kg N/R HAEMAX 58,491,1973
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 gm/kg N/R INHEAO 32,145,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20,000 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		REPTED 6,491,1992


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150,000 mg/m3/1 hour/30 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG VCVGH* -,32,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 190 mg/m3/6 year- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia VCVGH* -,32,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10,000 ppm/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) 		NTPTR* NIH-91-3121
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 ppm/12 hour/24 week- intermittent Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		HETOEA 11,323,1992
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/24 hour/11 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTOTDY 5,69,1983
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FAATDF 4,191,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 476 ppm/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		TOLED5 12,13,1982
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3,000 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TOXID9 14,317,1994
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/24 hour/9 week- continuous Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JNSCAG 57,209,1982
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,200 ppm/12 hour/16 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		ARTODN 63,381,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,700 mg/m3/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		VCVGH* -,31,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/14 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTIS** #PNL6453
intraperitoneal
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 gm/kg/90 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Behavioral: Ataxia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 62,369,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18,900 mg/kg/35 day- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from afferent nerve

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTEHD6 13,835,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,788 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TOLED5 14,169,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 gm/kg/4 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TIHEEC 1(3),67,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100,000 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain REPTED 6,491,1992
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mL/kg/12 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Microcytosis with or without anemia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TCMUD8 20,329,2000


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 50 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 135,167,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,126,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 50 ppm (176 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (530 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 50 ppm (170 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 100 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 200 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 90 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 25 ppm (90 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 400 mg/me, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 40 ppm, short term exposure limit 300 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 25 ppm (90 mg/m3), KTV 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 50 ppm (180 mg/m3), KZG- week 100 ppm (360 mg/m3),JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 20 ppm (72 mg/m3), SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 50 ppm (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 50 ppm (skin)


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HEXANE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 50 ppm NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 36955;
Number of Industries 281;
Total Number of Facilities 72,257;
Number of Occupations 168;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 763,261
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 36955;
Number of Industries 221;
Total Number of Facilities 40,256;
Number of Occupations 161;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 643,101;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 138,726


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/166688)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as an industrial chemical, solvent, emulsifier, in manufacture of plastics, resins
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-1292-8628;8EHQ-0893-8628
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, BP 36-126 degree C, 1500
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-02, October 2000


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AJIMD8 American Journal of Industrial Medicine. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980-
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH
ARPTDI Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. (Annual Reviews, Inc., POB 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303) V.16- 1976-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
HAEMAX Haematologica. (Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, Via Panama 48, I-00198, Rome, Italy) V.1- 1920-
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
INHEAO Industrial Health. (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan) V.1- 1963-
JNSCAG Journal of the Neurological Sciences. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) No.1- 1964-
JOCHFV Journal of Occupational Health. (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 1-29-8 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan) V.38- 1996-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980-
TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
VCVPS* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Prirodnie organicheskie soedinenia" (Hazardous substances. Nature products.) Volkova N.V. et al., Sankt-Peterburg, 1998.

Used as an industrial chemical, solvent, emulsifier, in manufacture of plastics, resins

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS