The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Glyoxal

RTECS #: MD2625000

CAS #: 107-22-2

UPDATE: May 2004 MW: 58.04 MF: C2H2O2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  8. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  9. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Biformal
  2. Biformyl
  3. Diformal
  4. Diformyl
  5. Ethandial
  1. Ethanedial
  2. 1,2 - Ethanedione
  3. Glyoxylaldehyde
  4. Oxalaldehyde


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		20 mg severe AJOPAA 29,1363,1946
skin
human 		40% VCVGK* -,403,1994
skin
rabbit 		500 µL/4 hour mild NTIS** OTS0535998


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 100 mg/L MUREAV 227,117,1989
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 1,850 µmol/L MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA damage oral
rat 		500 mg/kg MUREAV 213,227,1989
DNA damage rat liver 3,400 µmol/L MUREAV 419,69,1998
DNA repair Escherichia coli 1,590 µmol/L MUREAV 272,145,1992
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		300 mg/kg JJCREP 76,809,1985
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 500 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 467,41,2000
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 nmol/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 78,113,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 479 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,193,1988
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 100 µmol/L MUREAV 203,81,1988
other mutation test systems hamster lung 200 mg/L MUREAV 227,117,1989
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 200 µmol/L MUREAV 224,269,1989
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 400 µmol/L MUREAV 224,269,1989


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD438-895
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R NCNSA6 5,9,1953
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0535072
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 300 µL/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0535072
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg N/R NTIS** OTS0535072
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 760 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		JIHTAB 23,259,1941
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness NTIS** OTS0533618
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness NTIS** OTS0533618
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg N/R VCVGK* -,402,1984
skin
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,600 mg/kg N/R 34ZIAG -,291,1969
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mL/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		NTIS** OTS0535072


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 26,715 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		FAATDF 16,763,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60,515 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Cardiac: Changes in heart weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FAATDF 16,763,1991


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (sen) ( intermittent,V) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84477;
Number of Industries 16;
Total Number of Facilities 630;
Number of Occupations 19;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 3,846
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84477;
Number of Industries 27;
Total Number of Facilities 2,151;
Number of Occupations 40;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 50,395;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 9,890


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as insolubizing agent for casein, glues, enbalming fluids and leather tanning
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN #55, September 1991


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
JJCREP Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. BV, POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.76- 1985-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NCNSA6 National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, Review. (Washington, DC)
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
VCVGK* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia". (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994.

Used as insolubizing agent for casein, glues, enbalming fluids and leather tanning

NIOSH PROFILE (ALDEHYDES), SRC, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (ALDEHYDES), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Mutagen
   Primary Irritant

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