The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Ethylene, chloro -

RTECS #: KU9625000

CAS #: 75-01-4

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 62.50 MF: C2H3Cl


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Chloroethene
  2. Chloroethylene
  3. Chlorure de vinyle (French)
  4. Cloruro di vinile (Italian)
  5. Ethene, chloro -
  6. Ethylene monochloride
  7. Monochloroethene
  8. Monochloroethylene
  9. RCRA waste number U043
  1. VCM
  2. Vinile (cloruro di) (Italian)
  3. Vinyl C monomer
  4. Vinyl chloride
  5. Vinyl chloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
  6. Vinyl chloride monomer
  7. Vinylchlorid (German)
  8. Vinyle (chlorure de) (French)
  9. Winylu chlorek (Polish)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis inhalation
hamster 		12,500 ppm/6 hour ARTODN 45,1,1980
cytogenetic analysis multiple
hamster 		600 mg/kg MUREAV 53,187,1978
cytogenetic analysis human HeLa cell 10 mmol/L TXCYAC 9,21,1978
cytogenetic analysis inhalation
rat 		150 µg/m3/14 week- continuous GISAAA 43(7),111,1978
DNA adduct oral
rat 		18 gm/kg/2 year- continuous CBINA8 22,211,1978
DNA damage inhalation
rat 		205 ppm/5 hour CBINA8 37,219,1981
DNA inhibition intravenous
rat 		9,500 µg/kg CBINA8 17,239,1977
DNA repair Escherichia coli 100 µg/plate MUREAV 54,101,1978
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 2,100 µmol/L CRNGDP 5,1629,1984
host-mediated assay mouse
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 		700 mg/kg MUREAV 40,85,1976
host-mediated assay mouse
Saccharomyes cerevisiae 		700 mg/kg TOERD9 3,131,1981
host-mediated assay rat
Saccharomyes cerevisiae 		1 pph/24 hour- continuous MUREAV 91,381,1981
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 10,600 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) BCPCA6 24,2013,1975
mutation in microorganisms hamster lung 20 pph/5 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 67,173,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2,000 ppm/48 hour (+enzymatic activation step) BBRCA9 63,363,1975
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 pph (-enzymatic activation step) CBTOE2 1(3),159,1985
mutation in microorganisms Schizosaccharomyces pombe 16 mmol/L/30 minute (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 40,85,1976
micronucleus test hamster embryo 30 pph MUREAV 203,397,1988
micronucleus test inhalation
mouse 		5 pph/4 hour MUREAV 75,191,1980
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 48 mmol/L/3 hour MUREAV 40,85,1976
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster ovary 10 pph EVSRBT 25,91,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 7,500 ppt CRNGDP 18,31,1997
morphological transform mouse embryo 75 mg/L CALEDQ 28,85,1985
morphological transform inhalation
rat 		2,000 ppm/14 week- intermittent ARTODN 47,71,1981
sister chromatid exchange inhalation
hamster 		12,500 ppm/6 hour ARTODN 45,1,1980
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		1 pph MUREAV 57,307,1978
specific locus test inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		48,500 ppm CRNGDP 17,1083,1996


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3 (5 year male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) GTPZAB 24(5),28,1980
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30,000 ppm/6 hour (5 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) EVHPAZ 21,71,1977
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/7 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		EVHPAZ 41,171,1981
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6 hour (26 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct EESADV 10,281,1985
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/7 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TXAPA9 33,134,1975
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,500 ppm/24 hour (1-9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TXCYAC 11,45,1978
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/7 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		EVHPAZ 41,171,1981
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/6 hour (55 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) JTEHD6 3,965,1977
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/7 hour (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		EVHPAZ 41,171,1981


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
hamster 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/4 hour/30 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		APDCDT 3,216,1976
inhalation
human 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 300 mg/m3/1 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors 		GTPZAB 26(1),28,1982
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/14 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		VAPHDQ 372,195,1976
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/30 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		ANYAA9 271,431,1976
inhalation
mouse 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 50 ppm/47 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		JTEHD6 4,15,1978
inhalation
mouse 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 50 ppm/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		JTEHD6 7,909,1981
inhalation
mouse 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 50 ppm/4 hour/30 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CSHCAL 4,119,1977
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/4 hour/52 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10,000 ppm/4 hour (12-18 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Endocrine: Tumors 		CSHCAL 4,119,1977
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 50 ppm/7 hour/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TXAPA9 68,120,1983
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 100 ppm/7 hour/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TXAPA9 68,120,1983
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 250 ppm/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Ear: Tumors

Liver: Angiosarcoma 		AANLAW 56,1,1974
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 5 ppm/4 hour/52 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 50 ppm/6 hour/43 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		JTEHD6 7,909,1981
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 128 mg/m3/1 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Angiosarcoma 		VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 77,000 mg/m3/6 minute Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		VCVGH* -,422,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/65 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		APDCDT 3,216,1976
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,463 mg/kg/52 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 34 gm/kg/3 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Angiosarcoma

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		EVHPAZ 21,1,1977
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/67 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		APDCDT 3,216,1976


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 517,000 mg/m3/1 hour Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
dog 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,034,000 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 260,000 mg/m3 N/R VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 30 pph/30 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic AIHAAP 21,394,1960
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 258,000 mg/m3/90 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,552,000 mg/m3/18 minute N/R VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,320 mg/m3/7 hour Behavioral: Headache VCVGH* -,421,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 16,000 mg/m3/5 minute Ear: Change in acuity

Behavioral: Headache

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVGH* -,421,1990
inhalation
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published lethal concentration: 200 ppm/18 minute N/R IPSTB3 3,93,1976
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 20 pph/30 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic AIHAAP 21,394,1960
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,056,000 mg/m3/15 minute N/R VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 185,000 mg/m3/1 hour N/R VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 18 pph/15 minute Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		HUTODJ 1,239,1982
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R DOWCC*


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/4 hour/26 week- intermittent Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP 		GTPZAB 16(2),24,1972
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/7 hour/52 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight 		TXCYAC 13,25,1979
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 400 mg/m3/24 hour/14 week- continuous Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		GISAAA 44(11),74,1979
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 28,000 ppm/7 hour/6 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 62,1,1982
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 ppm/8 hour/92 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		AIHAAP 24,265,1963
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/4 hour/20 day- intermittent Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/4 hour/18 week- intermittent Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/4 hour/28 week- intermittent Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 9 gm/m3/4 hour/22 week- intermittent Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP 		GTPZAB 12(7),47,1968
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/26 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Blood: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis 		GTPZAB 16(2),24,1972
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/4 hour/4 week- intermittent Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Musculoskeletal: Other changes 		VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 900 mg/m3/8 week- continuous Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow 		VCVGH* -,422,1990
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 23,400 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		FCTXAV 13,633,1975


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 1 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 19,377,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 19,377,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMSUDL 7,373,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTEHD6 1,47,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CHWEAP 70(28/29),5,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CANCAR 39,1792,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 32,93,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ZHPMAT 166,113,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BNYMAM 54,413,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ABMHAM 35,585,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CBINA8 22,117,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
GTPZAB 20(4),46,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
VHTODE 22,31,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 41,131,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 138,9,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 5432012003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 200 ppm (510 mg/m3) DTLWS* 3,31,1973
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1117 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 500 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cancer suspect agent CFRGBR 29,1910.1017,1987
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 2.5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 5 ppm (10 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 5 ppm (13 mg/m3), Carcinogen JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 5 ppm (15 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (30 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit( continuous) 2.5 ppm (6.5 mg/m3), Group intermittent Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 7.77 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 50 ppm (100 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 30 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2.5 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 1 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), KTV 5 ppm (13 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 2 ppm (5.2 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 1 ppm (2.8 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 7 ppm, Carcubigen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO VINYL CHLORIDE-air Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 76445;
Number of Industries 22;
Total Number of Facilities 1,459;
Number of Occupations 36;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 29,836
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 76445;
Number of Industries 63;
Total Number of Facilities 3,711;
Number of Occupations 59;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 81,314;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 28,398


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101132/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-human lymphocyte; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion; S pombe-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster-reciprocal translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; Mouse spot test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in the production of VINYL CHLORIDE homopolymer and copolymer resins
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 28, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Vinyl chloride, 1007
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #04


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AANLAW Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Rendiconti. (Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, Via della Lungara, 10, I-00165 Rome, Italy) 1892-1939; Ser. 8: V.1- 1946-
ABMHAM Archives Belges de Medecine Sociale, Hygiene, Medecine du Trevail et Medecine Legale. (Quartier Esplanade no.6, 1010 Brussels, Belgium) V.4- 1946-
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APDCDT Advances in Tumour Prevention, Detection and Characterization. (New York, NY) V.1-5, 1974-80. Discontinued.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
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CSHCAL Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation. (Cold Spring Harbor, NY) V.1-10, 1974-83.
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
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FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HUTODJ Human Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants., RG 21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1981-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
IPSTB3 International Polymer Science and Technology. (Rapra Technology Ltd., Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, UK)
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
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TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
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VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977-
ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene, Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.155-169, 1971-1979. For publisher information, see ZAOMDC.

Used in the production of VINYL CHLORIDE homopolymer and copolymer resins

Top 50 chemical production: 13.23 billions lbs in 1992, 11.70 billions in 1991

NIOSH PROFILE (PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS), FIRL, 4/78

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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