The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Ethane, 1,1,1 - trichloro -

RTECS #: KJ2975000

CAS #: 71-55-6

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 133.40 MF: C2H3Cl3


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1,1,1 - TCE
  2. 1,1,1 - Trichloorethaan (Dutch)
  3. 1,1,1 - Trichloraethan (German)
  4. 1,1,1 - Trichloroethane
  5. 1,1,1 - Trichloroethane (DOT:OSHA)
  6. 1,1,1 - Tricloroetano (Italian)
  7. Aerothene TT
  8. Analytical grade 1,1,1 - trichloroethane
  9. CF 2
  10. Chloroethene (inhibited)
  11. Chloroform, methyl -
  12. Chlorothene
  13. Chlorothene NU
  14. Chlorothene SM
  15. Chlorothene VG
  16. Chlorten
  17. Ethana NU
  1. F 140a
  2. HCC 140a
  3. ICI - CF 2
  4. Inhibisol
  5. Methyl chloroform
  6. Methyl chloroform (ACGIH:OSHA)
  7. Methylchloroform
  8. Methyltrichloromethane
  9. NCI - C04626
  10. RCRA waste number U226
  11. Solvent 111
  12. Tafclean
  13. Trichloro - 1,1,1 - ethane (French)
  14. Trichloroethane
  15. Trichloromethylmethane
  16. alpha - T
  17. alpha - Trichloroethane


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
man 		450 ppm/8 hour N/R BJIMAG 28,286,1971
eye
rabbit 		100 mg mild AIHAAP 19,353,1958
eye
rabbit 		2 mg/24 hour severe 85JCAE -,94,1986
skin
rabbit 		5 gm/12 day- intermittent mild AIHAAP 19,353,1958
skin
rabbit 		20 mg/24 hour moderate 85JCAE -,94,1986


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 160 mg/L EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA repair Escherichia coli 500 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,195,1981
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 31,300 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),103,1988
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) TECSDY 15,101,1987
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 5,350 mg/L MUREAV 397,271,1998
morphological transform hamster kidney 562 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,626,1981
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 µL/plate EVSRBT 25,75,1982
morphological transform mouse embryo 20 mg/L CALEDQ 28,85,1985
morphological transform rat embryo 99 µmol/L ITCSAF 14,290,1978


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,100 ppm/6 hour (1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) JTEHD6 9,251,1982
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 7,000 ppm/3 hour (13-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		NETEEC 21,699,1999
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 43 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant/21 day after birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system TJADAB 29(2),25A,1984


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
cat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24,400 mg/m3 N/R GISAAA 35(8),127,1970
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/1 hour Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 920 ppm/70 minute Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation 		AIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 11,000 mg/m3/5 minute Behavioral: Ataxia VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,730 mg/m3/7 hour Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache 		VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,440 mg/m3/15 minute Behavioral: Ataxia VCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 27,200 mg/m3/5 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppm Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		WEHRBJ 10,82,1973
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4 hour Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Irritability 		ATSUDG 5,96,1982
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4 hour Olfaction: Other olfaction effects IAEHDW 72,485,1999
inhalation
monkey 		lethal concentration : >5,000 ppm/7 hour Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia 		AIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 27,000 mg/m3/1 hour Behavioral: Ataxia VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 27,000 mg/m3/5 hour Behavioral: Tremor VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3,911 ppm/2 hour Behavioral: Excitement SAIGBL 13,226,1971
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/40 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JTEHD6 60,331,2000
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,000 ppm/30 minute Behavioral: Ataxia TOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 12,000 ppm/30 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes TOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29,492 ppm/10 minute N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 45,000 mg/m3/2 hour Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 65,000 mg/m3/2 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 7,031 ppm/30 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8,000 ppm/30 minute Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 12,000 ppm/30 minute Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/40 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTEHD6 60,331,2000
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (20 percent kill): 31,000 mg/m3 N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 17,000 ppm/4 hour N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 14,250 ppm/7 hour N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20,000 ppm/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/4 hour Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8,000 ppm/7 hour Liver: Fatty liver degeneration VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 72,000 mg/m3/16 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 98,000 mg/m3/5 hour N/R VCVGH* -,375,1990
intraperitoneal
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,100 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired TXAPA9 10,119,1967
intraperitoneal
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.1 mL/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.9 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,593 mg/kg N/R ENVRAL 40,411,1986
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.8 mL/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 95 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,72,1959
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kg N/R FMCHA2 -,C310,1991
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,600 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
oral
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 670 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		NTIS** PB257-185
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,000 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6 gm/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,600 mg/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 12.3 gm/kg N/R TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 gm/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,660 mg/kg N/R AIHAAP 19,353,1958
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg Behavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Ataxia 		JPETAB 123,224,1958
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg N/R HBTXAC 5,72,1959
skin
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7,000 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,374,1990
skin
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 15,800 mg/kg N/R AIHAAP 19,353,1958
unreported route
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.7 mL/kg N/R VCVGH* -,376,1990
unreported route
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVGH* -,376,1990


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/1 hour/13 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes AIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3,000 ppm/7 hour/29 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain AIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/7 hour/58 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain AIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/2 hour/3 week- intermittent Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		NEZAAQ 18,175,1963
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10,000 ppm/1 hour/13 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes AIHAAP 19,353,1958
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 ppm/30 day- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		PHTOEH 67,384,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8,004 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) 		NTIS** OTS0557868
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 319 gm/kg/13 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain NTPTR* NIH-00-4402
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/13 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) NTPTR* NIH-00-4402
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 45 gm/kg/9 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 70 gm/kg/14 day- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired TOSCF2 60,363,2001


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 350 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2002
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 350 ppm;short term exposure limit 450 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value short term exposure limit 450 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2002
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 71,881,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FAZMAE 18,365,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EATR** EB-TR-75047
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 543,201,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled RBREV* -,262,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,161,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 125 ppm (680 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 350 ppm (1910 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2460 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 100 ppm (540 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (1400 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 300 ppm (1650 mg/m3), VLE 450 ppm (2500 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 100 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 300 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 555 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 50 ppm (270 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1400 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 200 ppm, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 50 ppm (300 mg/m3), KTV 90 ppm (500 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), KZG- week 1000 ppm, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

short term exposure limit 450 ppm
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
short term exposure limit 450 ppm


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE-air ceiling concentration 350 ppm/15 minute NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 46970;
Number of Industries 412;
Total Number of Facilities 109,850;
Number of Occupations 205;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,511,801
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 46970;
Number of Industries 417;
Total Number of Facilities 120,527;
Number of Occupations 243;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,528,300;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 762,399


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264396)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used as a cleaning solvent, chemical intermediate for VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,rat NCITR* NCI-TR-3,1977
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (post peer review), October 2000
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #14


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AIHOAX Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-2(3), 1950. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EATR** U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010)
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
EVSRBT Environmental Science Research. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1972-
FAZMAE Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progress in Drug Research. (Birkhauser Boston, Inc., c/o Springer-Verlag New York, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1959-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FMCHA2 Farm Chemicals Handbook. (Meister Pub., 37841 Euclid Ave., Willoughy, OH 44094)
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GNAMAP Gigiena Naselennykh Mest. Hygiene in Populated Places. (Izdatel'stvo Zdorov'ya, Kiev, USSR) V.7- 1967-
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59
IAEHDW International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.35- 1975-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
ITCSAF In Vitro. (Rockville, MD) V.1-20, 1965-85. For publisher information, see ICDBEO.
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NEZAAQ Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Hygiene. (Nippon Eisei Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1946-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981-
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959-
TECSDY Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. (Gordon & Breach Science Pub. Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.3(3/4)- 1981-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
WEHRBJ Work, Environment, Health. (Helsinki, Finland) V.1-11, 1962-74. For publisher information, see SWEHDO.

Used as a cleaning solvent, chemical intermediate for VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 74552-83-3
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