The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6 - hexachloro - , gamma - isomer

RTECS #: GV4900000

CAS #: 58-89-9

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 290.82 MF: C6H6Cl6


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Aalindan
  2. Aficide
  3. Agrocide
  4. Agrocide 2
  5. Agrocide III
  6. Agrocide 7
  7. Agrocide 6G
  8. Agrocide WP
  9. Agronexit
  10. Ameisenmittel merck
  11. Linvur
  12. Mglawik L
  13. Milbol 49
  14. Mszycol
  15. NCI - C00204
  16. Neo - Scabicidol
  17. Nexen FB
  18. Nexit
  19. Nexit - stark
  20. Nexol - E
  21. Ameisentod
  22. Nicochloran
  23. Novigam
  24. Omnitox
  25. Ovadziak
  26. Owadziak
  27. Pedraczak
  28. Pflanzol
  29. PLK
  30. Quellada
  31. RCRA waste number U129
  32. Aparasin
  33. Sang gamma
  34. Silvanol
  35. Spritzlindane
  36. Spritz - Rapidin
  37. Spruehpflanzol
  38. Streunex
  39. TAP 85
  40. Tri - 6
  41. Verindal Ultra
  42. Viton
  43. Aphtiria
  44. Aplidal
  45. Arbitex
  46. BBH
  47. Ben - Hex
  48. Benhexol
  49. Bentox 10
  50. Benzene hexachloride
  51. gamma - Benzene hexachloride
  52. gamma - Benzohexachloride
  53. Bexol
  54. BHC
  55. gamma - BHC
  56. Chloresene
  57. Codechine
  58. Celanex
  59. Inexit
  60. Detmol - extrakt
  61. Detox 25
  62. Devoran
  63. Dol Granule
  64. Drilltox - Spezial Aglukon
  65. ENT 7,796
  1. Entomoxan
  2. Fenoform forte
  3. Forst - Nexen
  4. Gallogama
  5. Gamacarbatox
  6. Gamacid
  7. Gamaphex
  8. Gamene
  9. Gamiso
  10. Gammalin
  11. Gammalin 20
  12. Gamma - mean 400
  13. Gammaterr
  14. Geobilan
  15. Geolin G 3
  16. Gexane
  17. HCC
  18. HCCH
  19. HCH
  20. gamma - HCH
  21. Heclotox
  22. gamma - Hexachlorane
  23. gamma - Hexachlorobenzene
  24. HEXA
  25. Hexachloran
  26. gamma - Hexachloran
  27. Hexachlorane
  28. Hexachlorocyclohexane
  29. gamma - Hexachlorocyclohexane
  30. 1 - alpha,2 - alpha,3 - beta,4 - alpha,5 - alpha,6 - beta - Hexachlorocyclohexane
  31. gamma - 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Hexachlorocyclohexane
  32. 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Hexachlorocyclohexane
  33. 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha isomer
  34. Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma - isomer
  35. 1,2,3,4,5,6 - Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma - isomer
  36. Hexaverm
  37. Hexicide
  38. Hexyclan
  39. HGI
  40. Hilbeech
  41. Hortex
  42. Hungaria L7
  43. Isotox
  44. Jacutin
  45. Kokotine
  46. Kwell
  47. Lacco HI lin
  48. Lasochron
  49. Lendine
  50. Lentox
  51. Lidenal
  52. Lorexane
  53. Lindafor
  54. Lindagam
  55. Lindagrain
  56. Lindagranox
  57. Lindane
  58. gamma - Lindane
  59. Lindane (ACGIH:OSHA)
  60. Lindapoudre
  61. Lindatox
  62. Lindex
  63. Lindosep
  64. Lintox


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
chicken 		50 mg/kg MUREAV 272,175,1992
cytogenetic analysis oral
chicken 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 272,175,1992
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 63 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 48,337,1977
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 5 mg/L BIHAA2 38(Pt 1),344,1971
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		5 mg/kg SOGEBZ 2,80,1966
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		12,600 µg/kg/7 day- continuous FCTOD7 33,309,1995
dominant lethal test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		22 µg/L FCTOD7 33,309,1995
dominant lethal test oral
mouse 		6,720 mg/kg MUREAV 101,315,1982
DNA damage human other cell types 500 µmol/L EMMUEG 24,23,1994
DNA damage oral
mouse 		200 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent REPTED 17,25,2003
DNA damage rat other cell types 500 nmol/tube FCTOD7 31,271,1993
DNA damage rat liver 30 µmol/L SinJF# 26OCT1982
DNA damage oral
rat 		60 mg/kg FCTOD7 31,271,1993
DNA inhibition human lymphocyte 500 mg/L ARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibition rat other cell types 1 gm/L ARTODN 45,101,1980
unscheduled DNA synthesis other fish liver 45 µmol/L HKXUDL 4,368,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 100 pmol/L CRNGDP 5,1547,1984
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
chicken 		50 mg/kg MUREAV 272,175,1992
micronucleus test oral
chicken 		50 mg/kg MUREAV 272,175,1992
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg GISAAA 49(5),82,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 200 mg/L GISAAA 49(5),82,1984
other mutation test systems human fibroblast 100 mg/kg GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973
other mutation test systems human lymphocyte 5 mg/L BIHAA2 38(Pt 1),344,1971
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 1,070 µmol/L MUREAV 182,193,1987
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		6 µg/L FCTOD7 33,309,1995
sperm morphology parenteral
rat 		10 mg/kg/10 day- continuous APTOA6 31,1,1972


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intratesticular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (10 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct APTOA6 31,1,1972
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 473 mg/kg (1-63 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth 32OAAP -,253,1973
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) BVIPA7 21,85,1977
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 124 mg/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		JRPFA4 113,95,1998
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,730 mg/kg (13 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct FCTXAV 19,131,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 43,300 µg/kg (1-4 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) TXCYAC 59,171,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 44 mg/kg (6-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		TXCYAC 59,171,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,500 µg/kg (14-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TXCYAC 59,171,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg (9-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) 		REPTED 17,25,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg (9-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		REPTED 17,25,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg (9-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) REPTED 17,25,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg (9-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		REPTED 17,475,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects BECTA6 59,360,1997
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system TXCYAC 9,239,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) BVIPA7 21,85,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,100 µg/kg (18 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders GISAAA 36(5),19,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12,500 µg/kg (16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange BECTA6 47,508,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg (9-14 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects HETOEA 16,146,1997
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death VCVGH* -,541,1990
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 260 mg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TXCYAC 9,239,1978
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) BVIPA7 21,85,1977
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical BVIPA7 21,85,1977
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mL/kg (18 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death JRPMAP 37,992,1993
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders TOLED5 48,21,1989
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 33 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Other effects on female TOLED5 48,21,1989


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		CRNGDP 8,1889,1987
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 25 gm/kg/73 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		FCTXAV 11,433,1973
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 36,960 mg/kg/110 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,376 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,752 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,204 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,780 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold TOLED5 60,289,1992
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 120 mg/m3/6 hour Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		GTPZAB 8(10),55,1964
intraperitoneal
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Liver: Other changes HBPTO* 1,879,2001
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg N/R ARTODN 58,152,1986
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg N/R SOGEBZ 2,80,1966
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 35 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 212,463,1951
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 58.16 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		GEPHDP 18,165,1987
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 7,500 µg/kg N/R TIEUA7 5,61,1950
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation 		BCPCA6 67,2141,2004
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 4,500 µg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation 		JPETAB 92,140,1948
oral
domestic bird 		lowest published lethal dose: 400 mg/kg N/R CNVJA9 23,267,1982
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		CMEP** -,1,1956
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 111 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold AEHLAU 25,374,1972
oral
duck 		lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg N/R CNVJA9 23,267,1982
oral
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40 mg/kg N/R SPEADM 78-1,11,1978
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg N/R FEPRA7 6,386,1947
oral
hamster 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 360 mg/kg N/R EJTXAZ 7,159,1974
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 840 mg/kg N/R YAKUD5 34,1232,1992
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 44 mg/kg N/R JEENAI 65,632,1972
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 85.8 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases TXCYAC 61,41,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 76 mg/kg N/R SPEADM 78-1,11,1978
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TJADAB 51,22A,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 15 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold FCTOD7 41,1077,2003
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg N/R JHEMA2 22,115,1978
skin
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Eye: Visual field changes

Cardiac: Other changes 		AJDCAI 141,125,1987
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 414 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 55(7),87,1990
skin
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Excitement

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		AFDOAQ 16,3,1952
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R FEREAC 64,46191,1999
skin
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,537,1990
skin
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 19 mg/kg/1 hour- intermittent Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Behavioral: Excitement

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		AEMED3 24,972,1994
unreported route
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands 		PHTXA6 22,273,1959
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 17(3),32,1973
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		GISAAA 28(8),29,1963
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		HBPTO* 1,879,2001


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
cat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/4 hour/9 week- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		GISAAA 28(8),29,1963
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/80 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above GTPZAB 8(10),55,1964
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,700 µg/m3/17 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		GISAAA 43(3),41,1978
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		BECTA6 38,154,1987
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXAPA9 19,234,1971
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 193,66,2003
oral
duck 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		IJEBA6 29,94,1991
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 383.1 mg/kg/613 day- continuous Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 465 mg/kg/93 day- continuous Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 875 mg/kg/50 week- continuous Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Liver: Other changes 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,120 mg/kg/32 week- continuous Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg/17 day- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/48 day- continuous Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Tremor

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 142 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase 		BCTKAG 7,37,1974
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,954 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,298 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,483 mg/kg/78 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		JTEHD6 20,411,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,280 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 302 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		IJEBA6 34,1109,1996
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 42.98 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 28.56 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 42.84 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 160.16 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXCYAC 66,75,1991
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,104 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Tumors

Liver: Changes in liver weight 		CMSHAF 1,279,1972
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,048 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		CMSHAF 1,153,1972
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,856 mg/kg/17 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,376 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Behavioral: Aggression

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,376 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Behavioral: Excitement

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13,104 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Blood: Leukemia ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 23.24 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 61,41,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40.88 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		TXCYAC 61,41,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 52.5 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other TXCYAC 61,41,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/2 day- continuous Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina REPTED 17,475,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 101 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases 		IJEBA6 35,1132,1997
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXCYAC 49,389,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) 		GISAAA 41(10),14,1976
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/22 week- continuous Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		BECTA6 51,795,1993
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 672 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		BECTA6 41,531,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		TOLED5 56,137,1991
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 126 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		JJATDK 15,245,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TJADAB 51,22A,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,929.6 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,780 mg/kg/80 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,080 mg/kg/24 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11,116 mg/kg/40 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,494 mg/kg/107 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight ENVRAL 19,460,1979
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle TXAPA9 99,384,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 520 mg/kg/104 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight TXAPA9 99,384,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,040 mg/kg/104 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Endocrine: Estrogenic 		TXAPA9 99,384,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/20 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXAPA9 99,384,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/104 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight

Endocrine: Change in LH

Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins 		TXAPA9 99,384,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) FCTOD7 41,1077,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight FCTOD7 41,1077,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) 		FCTOD7 41,1077,2003
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response 		GISAAA 45(1),72,1980
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 118 mg/kg/28 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		BECTA6 54,258,1995
skin
pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXCYAC 10,55,1978
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight 		HBPTO* 1,734,2001
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		HBPTO* 1,879,2001
unreported route
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response HBPTO* 1,771,2001


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMSUDL 7,220,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,101,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
RREVAH 56,107,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PMDCAY 10,85,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DTTIAF 80,485,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARDEAC 113,353,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 13,231,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
GISAAA 42(9),66,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CNDQA8 14,49,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 488,151,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
REPTED 19,209,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Supported RBREV* -,124,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* 3,146,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 4 µg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO LINDANE-air 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 09318;
Number of Industries 5;
Total Number of Facilities 424;
Number of Occupations 6;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 689
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 09318;
Number of Industries 6;
Total Number of Facilities 2,617;
Number of Occupations 11;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 15,036;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 5,153


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/166662)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Host-mediated assay; D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as an insecticide
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Lindane, 5502
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat NCITR* NCI-TR-14,1977
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
32OAAP "Pesticide and the Environment: a Continuing Controversy, Selected Papers Presented and Papers Reviewed at the 8th Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Miami, FL, 1973," Deichmann, W.B., ed., New York, Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp., 1973
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
AEMED3 Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency Physicians, 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038)
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AFDOAQ Quarterly Bulletin--Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States. (Denver, CO) V.3-38, 1939-74.
AJDCAI American Journal of Diseases of Children. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1-80(3), 1911-50; V.100- 1960-
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH
ARDEAC Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BIHAA2 Bibliotheca Haematologica (Basel). (S. Karger AG, Postfach, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) No.1- 1955-
BVIPA7 Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy. (Instytut Weterynaryjny, Aleja Partyzantow 55, Pulawy, Poland) V.1- 1957-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CMEP** "Clinical Memoranda on Economic Poisons," U.S. Dept. HEW, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, GA, 1956
CMSHAF Chemosphere. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1972-
CNDQA8 Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique. (Editions Meteore, 42, rue du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France) V.1- 1966-
CNVJA9 Canadian Veterinary Journal. (339 Booth St., Ottawa, ON K1R 6J3, Canada) V.1- 1960-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-77, 1893-1970.
EJTXAZ European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. (Paris, France) V.7-9, 1974-76. For publisher information, see TOERD9.
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GEPHDP General Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.6- 1975-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HBPTO* Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Robert Krieger ed, Academic press, 2001
HETOEA Human & Experimental Toxicology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, UK) V.9- 1990-
HKXUDL Huanjing Kexue Xuebao. Environmental Sciences Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1981-
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IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
JEENAI Journal of Economic Entomology. (Entomological Soc. of America, 4603 Calvert Rd., College Park, MD 20740) V.1- 1908-
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JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JRPFA4 Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1960-
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NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
PHTXA6 Pharmacology and Toxicology. English translation of FATOAO. (New York, NY) V.20-22, 1957-59. Discontinued.
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RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
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SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982
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VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
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Used as an insecticide

FDA-proprietary drug

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 8007-42-9
ALT CAS #: 55963-79-6
 Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS