The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Cobalt (II) chloride

RTECS #: GF9800000

CAS #: 7646-79-9

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 129.83 MF: Cl2Co


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Cobalt chloride
  2. Cobalt dichloride
  3. Dichlorocobalt
  4. Kobalt chlorid (German)
  1. Cobalt muriate
  2. Cobaltous chloride
  3. Cobaltous dichloride


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
human 		1%/48 hour CODEDG 12,93,1985


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA damage mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 750 µmol/L SCIEAS 198,513,1977
DNA damage other microorganisms 750 µmol/L SCIEAS 198,513,1977
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 1 mmol/L MUREAV 92,427,1982
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 50 mmol/L MUREAV 77,109,1980
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster embryo 200 µmol/L MUREAV 131,173,1984
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) BECTA6 40,597,1988
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 100 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) CPBTAL 33,1571,1985
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 3 gm/L MUREAV 155,117,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 200 µmol/L MUREAV 68,259,1979
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		2 mmol/L MUREAV 320,133,1994


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) JPMSAE 58,766,1969
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg (15-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		TJADAB 29(3),23A,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,280 mg/kg (13 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		TOXID9 6,31,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) GISAAA 45(2),6,1980
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 77.9 mg/kg (1 day pregnant-2 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic EKFAE9 58,41,1995


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/19 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		LBANAX 11,43,1977


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) CBPAB5 46,427,1973
intraperitoneal
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Endocrine: Other changes CBPAB5 46,427,1973
intraperitoneal
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Endocrine: Hyperglycemia CBPAB5 46,427,1973
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 165 mg/kg N/R AEHLAU 11,201,1965
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 49 mg/kg N/R AEPPAE 244,17,1962
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17,402 µg/kg N/R JAPMA8 48,143,1959
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.2 mg/kg Endocrine: Hyperglycemia

Blood: Other changes 		TXAPA9 32,316,1975
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose : 30 mg/kg Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction

Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Vascular: Thromobosis distant from injection site 		VCVN5* -,455,1989
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 36 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23,300 µg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		INJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4,300 µg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		INJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas

Endocrine: Hyperglycemia 		PSEBAA 82,406,1953
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		PSEBAA 82,406,1953
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 9 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Incontinence 		VCVN5* -,453,1989
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Endocrine: Hyperglycemia 		VCVN5* -,454,1989
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve VCVN5* -,454,1989
oral
child 		lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Endocrine: Thyroid weight (goiter)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JAMAAP 157,117,1955
oral
child 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,500 mg/kg N/R 34ZIAG -,182,1969
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 55 mg/kg N/R VCVN5* -,453,1989
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,042 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy

Eye: Visual field changes 		IJMDAI 8,61,1972
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg N/R VCVN5* -,453,1989
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg N/R HYSAAV 36(1-3),277,1971
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 418 mg/kg Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Blood: Hemorrhage 		VCVN5* -,453,1989
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,272 mg/kg N/R SMSJAR 26,131,1826
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.1 mg/kg Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases 		VCVN5* -,454,1989
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOLED5 138,235,2003
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32.458 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		VCVN5* -,454,1989
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
skin
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 165 mg/kg N/R AEHLAU 11,201,1965
skin
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain RCCRC* NOTOX1073/1335,1988
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases VCVN5* -,455,1989
unreported route
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 mg/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section VCVN5* -,456,1989


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response 		VCVN5* -,457,1989
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Endocrine: Hyperglycemia 		VCVN5* -,459,1989
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria 		VCVN5* -,459,1989
intravenous
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,150 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		TXAPA9 61,89,1981
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 220 µg/kg/22 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count TOXID9 72,246,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,003 mg/kg/30 week- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning GISAAA 36(2),95,1971
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes VCVN5* -,459,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/30 week- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		VCVN5* -,462,1989
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes VCVN5* -,459,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JJPAAZ 43,335,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 77.9 mg/kg/24 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		EKFAE9 58,41,1995
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) FCTOD7 41,431,2003
unreported route
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion VCVN5* -,462,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 52,363,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 52,363,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 52,363,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,151,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84329;
Number of Industries 13;
Total Number of Facilities 267;
Number of Occupations 12;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,790
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84329;
Number of Industries 9;
Total Number of Facilities 185;
Number of Occupations 13;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 9,392;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 4,192


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: B subtilis rec assay; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as absorbent for AMMONIA, gas masks, electroplating, sympathetic inks, hygrometers
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
CBPAB5 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A: Comparative Physiology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.30- 1971-
CODEDG Contact Dermatitis. Environmental and Occupational Dermatitis. (Munksgaard International Pub., c/o Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Ave., Elmont, NY 11003) V.1- 1975-
CPBTAL Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Japan Pub. Trading Co., USA, 1255 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103) V.6- 1958-
EKFAE9 Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. (Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, ul. B. Yakimanka, 39, 117049 Moscow, Russia) V.55- 1992-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
IJMDAI Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. (POB 1435, Jerusalem 91013, Israel) V.1- 1965-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INJPD2 Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221 005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883-
JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE.
JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951-
JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961-
LBANAX Laboratory Animals. (Laboratory Animals Ltd., 1 Thrifts Mead, Theydon Bois, Essex CM16 7NF, UK) V.1- 1967-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
RCCRC* Research and Consulting Company, Technical Reports. (RCC NOTOX B.V., Hambakenwetering 7, 5231 DD 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands)
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895-
SMSJAR Scottish Medical and Surgical Journal. (Edinburgh, Scotland) For publisher information, see SMDJAK.
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVN5* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989.

Used as absorbent for AMMONIA, gas masks, electroplating, sympathetic inks, hygrometers

NIOSH PROFILE (COBALT and ITS COMPOUNDS), SRI, 10/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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