The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Cobalt

RTECS #: GF8750000

CAS #: 7440-48-4

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 58.93 MF: Co


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Aquacat
  2. C.I. 77320
  3. Cobalt (ACGIH:OSHA)
  4. Cobalt metallic
  1. Cobalt - 59
  2. Kobalt (German, Polish)
  3. NCI - C60311
  4. Super cobalt


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA damage human leukocyte 3 mg/L MUREAV 392,31,1997
micronucleus test human leukocyte 600 µg/L MUREAV 392,31,1997
micronucleus test human leukocyte 0.6 mg/L/15 minute MOCAT* 18,177,2003


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
implant
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Musculoskeletal: Tumors 		ZEKBAI 52,425,1942
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 126 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		NATUAS 173,822,1954
intramuscular
rat 		toxic dose : 126 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BJCAAI 10,668,1956


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Other changes 		INMEAF 15,482,1946
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AEC-TR-6710
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes VCVN5* -,452,1989
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		VCVN5* -,452,1989
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration 		VCVN5* -,452,1989
intravenous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
oral
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 0.28 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema 		VCVN5* -,457,1989
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,171 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		ATDAEI 1,686,1992
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 750 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) AIPTAK 62,347,1939


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/4 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) VCVN5* -,463,1989
inhalation
pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		AIHAAP 36,17,1975
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/17 week- intermittent Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		GTPZAB 3(3),36,1959
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/36 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		VCVN5* -,458,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.02 mg(Co)/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 52,363,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 52,363,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 52,363,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TRBMAV 33,85,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AEMBAP 40,239,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADTEAS 5,51,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
KOTTAM 11,1300,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FOREAE 7,313,1942
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MIBUBI 9,321,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCTXAV 9,105,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,63,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PEXTAR 12,102,1969
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
GSAMAQ 123,109,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AMTODM 3,209,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,55,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,63,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (dust and fume) DTLVS* 3,59,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Co)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Co)/m3 (metal,fume,dust) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Co)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, fume and dust CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.2 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.02 mg(Co)/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.02 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 0.05 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.1 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO COBALT METAL, dust and fume-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 19770;
Number of Industries 27;
Total Number of Facilities 1,331;
Number of Occupations 27;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 8,513
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: X5978;
Number of Industries 8;
Total Number of Facilities 151;
Number of Occupations 7;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,326;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 128
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 19770;
Number of Industries 57;
Total Number of Facilities 3,263;
Number of Occupations 86;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 78,694;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 2,650


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/110724/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cobalt and compounds as Co, 7027
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID121


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971
ADTEAS Advances in Teratology. (New York, NY) V.1-5, 1966-72. Discontinued.
AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967-
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898-
AMTODM Advances in Modern Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1, 1976-79. Discontinued.
ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1- 1990-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued.
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ.
GSAMAQ Memoir--Geological Society of America. (POB 9140, Boulder, CO 80302) No.1- 1934-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INMEAF Industrial Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-18, 1932-49. For publisher information, see IOHSA5.
KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku. Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan) V.1- 1965-
MIBUBI Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni. Bulletin of Microbiology. (c/o Dr. A. Tevfik Cenqiz, Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dah, Ankara, Turkey) V.1- 1967-
MOCAT* Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (Philadelphia, PA : American Association for Cancer Research) V.1- 2001-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TRBMAV Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. (Galveston, TX) V.1-41(2), 1943-81/82. Discontinued.
VCVN5* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989.
ZEKBAI Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-75, 1903-71. For publisher information, see JCROD7.

NIOSH PROFILE (COBALT and ITS COMPOUNDS), SRI, 10/77

NIOSH PROFILE (HEAVY METAL GREASES AND SOAPS), SRI, 2/77

NIOSH PROFILE (SMELTERS, SECONDARY NON-FERROUS), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen

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