The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Chromium (VI) oxide (1:3)

RTECS #: GB6650000

CAS #: 1333-82-0

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 100.00 MF: CrO3


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Anhydride chromique (French)
  2. Anidride cromica (Italian)
  3. Chromium oxide (Cr4O12)
  4. Chrome (trioxyde de) (French)
  5. Chromia (CrO3)
  6. Chromic anhydride
  7. Chromium (VI) oxide
  8. Chromsaeureanhydrid (German)
  1. Chromtrioxid (German)
  2. Chroomtrioxyde (Dutch)
  3. Chroomzuuranhydride (Dutch)
  4. Cromo (triossido di) (Italian)
  5. Monochromium trioxide
  6. Puratronic chromium trioxide
  7. Chromium trioxide
  8. Chromium (6+) trioxide


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster embryo 68 µg/L MUREAV 46,87,1977
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 250 µg/L TXCYAC 17,219,1980
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 2 mg/L SAIGBL 18,136,1976
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		20 mg/kg MUREAV 301,33,1993
cytogenetic analysis mouse mammary gland 1 µmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 67,221,1979
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 50 mmol/L TOLED5 7,439,1981
DNA repair Escherichia coli 18,700 ng/well MUREAV 133,161,1984
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 50 mmol/L TOLED5 7,439,1981
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 8 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 66,357,1979
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) TOLED5 8,195,1981
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) AEMIDF 33,805,1977
micronucleus test hamster ovary 1 µmol/L EMMUEG 17(Suppl 19),32,1991
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster ovary 6 µmol/L CRNGDP 13,2053,1992
morphological transform human fibroblast 100 nmol/L CNREA8 47,3815,1987
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 1,500 nmol/tube ENMUDM 8,571,1986
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 250 µg/L TXCYAC 17,219,1980
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 320 µg/L MUREAV 104,141,1982
specific locus test intraperitoneal
Drosophila melanogaster 		300 ppm CYTOAN 51,421,1986
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		1 mmol/L MUREAV 266,197,1992


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system 		ENVRAL 16,101,1978
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		ENVRAL 16,101,1978
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,500 µg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis 		TJADAB 9,A17,1974
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall ANREAK 199,89A,1981
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities VCVN5* -,301,1989
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		SEIJBO 19,171,1979


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3/3 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		AGGHAR 13,528,1955
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3,480 µg/m3/2 hour/1 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors 		SAIGBL 29,17,1987
implant
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		AIHAAP 20,274,1959


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3 N/R YAKUD5 22,291,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14 mg/kg N/R NEZAAQ 34,193,1979
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) ETOPFR 15,53,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		ETOPFR 17,117,2004
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 58,400 µg/kg N/R INJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17,100 µg/kg N/R INJPD2 23,153,1991
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,260 µg/kg N/R INJPD2 23,153,1991
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg N/R CHYCDW 14,86,1980
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		TRENAF 27,119,1976
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg N/R SEIJBO 19,171,1979
skin
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 55 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other 		NTIS** OTS0537097


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 29 µg/m3/20 hour/90 day- intermittent Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cabonic anhydrase 		GISAAA 28(11),9,1963
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 mg/m3/24 hour/90 day- continuous Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		VCVN5* -,302,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/4 hour/28 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema 		VCVN5* -,302,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed human carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 23,205,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 23,205,1980
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 49,49,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 49,49,1990
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMEMDT 49,49,1990
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX Cr,22,1974


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Cr)/m3 DTLVS* 3,35,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.02 mg(Cr)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.05 mg/m3, VLE 0.1 mg/m3, continuous1 Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN EOL 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.02 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Cr)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg(Cr)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.01 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND time-weighted average 0.02 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed human carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed human carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHROMIUM(VI)-air Carcinogen;
10 hour time-weighted average 0.001 mg(Cr)/m3 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 19430;
Number of Industries 28;
Total Number of Facilities 1,253;
Number of Occupations 44;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 20,618
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 19430;
Number of Industries 55;
Total Number of Facilities 2,873;
Number of Occupations 65;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 68,271;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 11,533


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: B subtilis rec assay; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in plating and metal treatment, as a corrosion inhibitor and as an oxidant
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
AEMIDF Applied and Environmental Microbiology. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.31- 1976-
AGGHAR Archiv fuer Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-18, 1930-61. For publisher information, see IAEHDW.
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
ANREAK Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1906/08-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CHYCDW Zhonghua Yufangyixue Zazhi. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) Beginning history not known.
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CYTOAN Cytologia. (Japan Pub. Trading Co. (USA), 1255 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103) V.1- 1929-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
INJPD2 Indian Journal of Pharmacology. (Dept. of Pharmacology, Baranas Hindu Univ., Varanasi 221 005, India) V.1- 1968(?)-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NEZAAQ Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Hygiene. (Nippon Eisei Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1946-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959-
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho, Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher information, see CGANE7.
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TRENAF Kenkyu Nenpo--Tokyo-toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho. Annual Report of Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health. (Tokyo-toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho, 24-1, 3-chome, Hyakunin-cho, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1949/50-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VCVN5* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989.
YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959-

Used in plating and metal treatment, as a corrosion inhibitor and as an oxidant

NIOSH PROFILE (INORGANIC CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS), SRC, 2/82

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

ALT CAS #: 12324-05-9
ALT CAS #: 12324-08-2
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