The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Carbon monoxide

RTECS #: FG3500000

CAS #: 630-08-0

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 28.01 MF: CO


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. CO
  2. Carbon monoxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
  3. Carbon oxide (CO)
  4. Carbone (oxyde de) (French)
  5. Carbonic oxide
  6. Carbonio (ossido di) (Italian)
  7. Exhaust gas
  1. Flue gas
  2. Kohlenmonoxid (German)
  3. Kohlenoxyd (German)
  4. Koolmonoxyde (Dutch)
  5. Oxyde de carbone (French)
  6. Wegla tlenek (Polish)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
micronucleus test inhalation
mouse 		1,500 ppm/10 minute YOMJA9 27,205,1986
sister chromatid exchange inhalation
mouse 		2,500 ppm/10 minute YOMJA9 27,205,1986


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/10 hour (23-61 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system 		JNENAD 59,218,2000
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 550 mg/m3 (20-40 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 480 mg/m3 (20-50 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3 (10 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3 (10 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 65 ppm/24 hour (7-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TJADAB 29(2),8B,1984
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/7 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 19,385,1979
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 125 ppm/24 hour (7-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 30,253,1984
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8 pph/1 hour (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		FPNJAG 11,301,1958
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8 pph/1 hour (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system FPNJAG 11,301,1958
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 103 mg/m3 (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 ppm/24 hour (0-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		BRREAP 844,201,1999
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24 hour (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system TXAPA9 56,370,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24 hour (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral 		NETOD7 2,7,1980
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/24 hour (72 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) 		HYSAAV 35(4-6),277,1970
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm/24 hour (0-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral LIFSAK 59,1553,1996
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 ppm/24 hour (0-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system PHTOEH 73,274,1993
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm (0-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		JPETAB 294,728,2000
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 103 mg/m3 (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 150 ppm (1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system TOLED5 135,S82,2002
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 180 ppm/24 hour (1-30 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		LANCAO 2,1220,1972


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
wild bird 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1,334 ppm N/R AECTCV 12,355,1983
inhalation
cat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/60 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
cat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 mg/m3/20 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
cat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 500 mg/m3/30 minute N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
cat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 34,400 mg/m3/3 minute N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
dog 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4,000 ppm/46 minute N/R HBAMAK 4,1360,1935
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 mg/m3/30 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
dog 		lowest published lethal concentration: 23,000 mg/m3/20 minute N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/45 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/65 minute Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis

Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) 		TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/95 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/100 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/120 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1%/150 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		TXCYAC 165,97,2001
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 179,79,2002
inhalation
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pph/120 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 186,143,2003
inhalation
guinea pig 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5,718 ppm/4 hour N/R TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 mg/m3/30 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4,600 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 10,300 mg/m3/60 minute N/R VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4 mg/m3/12 hour Behavioral: Coma

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		TOVEFN (4),26,1999
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3/10 minute Behavioral: Headache GTPZAB 31(4),34,1987
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 5,000 ppm/5 minute N/R TABIA2 3,231,1933
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 6 mg/m3/25 minute Eye: Other eye effects VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 11 mg/m3/5 hour Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 31 mg/m3/3 hour Eye: Visual field changes VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 33 mg/m3/6 hour Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/2 hour Ear: Change in acuity

Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG 		VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/5 hour Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 55 mg/m3/8 hour Eye: Other eye effects VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 60 mg/m3/6 hour Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG 		VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 80 mg/m3/3 hour Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Behavioral: Ataxia 		VCVN1* -,313,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m3/1 hour Behavioral: Headache VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 220 mg/m3/3 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 230 mg/m3/6 hour Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Headache

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 440 mg/m3/1 hour Behavioral: Headache

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 460 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Headache

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m3/2 hour Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 660 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/5 minute Behavioral: Headache

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/20 minute Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Behavioral: Muscle weakness 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/3 hour Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		VCVN1* -,314,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 880 mg/m3/2 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 880 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Tetany

Behavioral: Coma 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,260 mg/m3/90 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Behavioral: Coma

Behavioral: Tetany 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,300 mg/m3/2 hour Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Behavioral: Headache 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,350 mg/m3/33 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,760 mg/m3/20 minute Behavioral: Headache

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,760 mg/m3/2 hour Behavioral: General anesthetic

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,800 mg/m3/1 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Cardiac: Change in force of contraction 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 mg/m3/12 minute Behavioral: Tetany

Behavioral: Coma 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 3,000 mg/m3/1 hour N/R VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,300 mg/m3/30 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3,520 mg/m3/5 minute Behavioral: Headache VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3,520 mg/m3/30 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 3,400 mg/m3/20 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 mg/m3/17 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Tetany 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 5,700 mg/m3/2 minute N/R VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 14,080 mg/m3/1 minute Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Behavioral: General anesthetic 		VCVN1* -,315,1988
inhalation
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published lethal concentration: 5,000 ppm/5 minute N/R AEPPAE 138,65,1928
inhalation
man 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4,000 ppm/30 minute N/R 29ZWAE -,207,1968
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/45 minute Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		AIHAAP 34,212,1973
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,145 mg/m3/30 minute Cardiac: Other changes

Liver: Multiple effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2,444 ppm/4 hour N/R TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2,230 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration : 1,900 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1,807 ppm/4 hour N/R TXAPA9 17,752,1970
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration : 5,200 mg/m3/1 hour N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m3/4 hour Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 88 mg/m3/20 minute Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 176 mg/m3/20 minute Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 mg/m3/4 hour Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1,900 mg/m3/4 hour N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,000 mg/m3/11 minute Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 13,500 mg/m3/15 minute N/R VCVN1* -,308,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/5 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Blood: Other changes 		TOXID9 72,297,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,005 ppm/90 minute Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS TOLED5 145,101,2003
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4,000 ppm N/R HBAMAK 4,1360,1935
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/2 hour Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 6,600 mg/m3/10 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 17,200 mg/m3/40 minute N/R VCVN1* -,309,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 20,000 mg/m3/60 minute N/R VCVN1* -,309,1988
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 mL/kg Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function NETEEC 23,157,2001


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/5 hour/4 week- intermittent Endocrine: Hyperglycemia GISAAA 30(5),30,1965
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/5 hour/30 week- intermittent Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP 		GISAAA 31(3),102,1966
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24 hour/90 day- continuous Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Other changes 		TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/10 week- continuous Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle VCVN1* -,318,1988
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 16 pph/48 hour- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		VCVN1* -,329,1988
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 pph/30 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) VCVN1* -,329,1988
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/24 hour/90 day- continuous Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Other changes 		TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation
monkey 		lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/90 day- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/30 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi NKYZA2 10,16,1972
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4 hour/10 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Cardiac: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes 		VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,800 ppm/1 hour/14 day- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes TOPADD 15,366,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/8 hour/10 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity 		GISAAA 26(3),3,1961
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 96 ppm/24 hour/90 day- continuous Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Other changes 		TXAPA9 19,46,1971
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/5 hour/20 day- intermittent Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		BECTA6 13,537,1975
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 375 mg/m3/5 hour/20 week- intermittent Vascular: Structural changes in vessels

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Other changes 		WDZAEK 6,133,1992
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 105 ppm/7 day- continuous Cardiac: Cardiomegaly

Blood: Other changes

Cardiac: Change in force of contraction 		ETOPFR 8,23,1999
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 315 ppm/21 day- continuous Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries

Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) 		ETOPFR 8,23,1999
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4 hour/10 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Cardiac: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes 		VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 53 mg/m3/30 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/1 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m3/3 hour/13 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Cardiac: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage 		GISAAA 24(6),22,1959
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/24 hour/8 week- continuous Blood: Changes in platelet count JEPTDQ 4(1),351,1980
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/1 year- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 170 mg/m3/45 day- intermittent Vascular: Structural changes in vessels VCVN1* -,316,1988
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4.5 pph/13 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		VCVN1* -,329,1988
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		CYLPDN 21,360,2000
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 mL/kg/7 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		CYLPDN 22,423,2001
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,983 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) TOLED5 1,275,1978


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 25 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXCYAC 187,25,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 558,7,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO 39,35,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CMAJAX 166,1685,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXCYAC 180,139,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AOHYA3 17,159,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NTIS** CONF-691001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,183,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BPAAAG 135,350,1967
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JTCTDW 39,1,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,3,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,41,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 30 ppm (33 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 50 ppm (57 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (458 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 30 ppm (34 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (86 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 30 ppm (33 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 29 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - INDIA time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 400 ppm (440 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (57 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 35 ppm (40 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 30 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 180 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 50 ppm, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 35 ppm (40 mg/m3), KTVSTEL 100 ppm (120 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 30 ppm (35 mg/m3), KZG- week 60 ppm (70 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM LTEL 50 ppm (55 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 300 ppm, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 25 ppm
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 25 ppm


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CARBON MONOXIDE-air 8 hour time-weighted average 35 ppm;
ceiling concentration 200 ppm 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 17460;
Number of Industries 43;
Total Number of Facilities 2,593;
Number of Occupations 68;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 32,958
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 17460;
Number of Industries 24;
Total Number of Facilities 1,950;
Number of Occupations 52;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 68,434;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 7,860


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Carbon monoxide, 6604
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID209
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID210


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
29ZWAE "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973-
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AOHYA3 Annals of Occupational Hygiene. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BPAAAG Beitraege zur Pathologischen Anatomie und Allgemeinen Pathologie. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.3-140, 1888-1970. For publisher information, see PARPDS.
BRREAP Brain Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1966-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB 8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911-
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
FPNJAG Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica. (Folia Pub. Soc., Todai YMCA Bldg., 1-20-6 Mukogaoka, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1933-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
JEPTDQ Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. (Park Forest South, IL) V.1-5(3), 1977-81(?). For publisher information, see JEPOEC.
JNENAD Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. (American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc., 1041 New Hapshire St., Lawrence, KS 66044) V.1- 1942-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982-
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
LIFSAK Life Sciences. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1-8, 1962-69; V.14- 1974-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NETOD7 Neurobehavioral Toxicology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.1-2, 1979-80. For publisher information, see NTOTDY.
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NKYZA2 Japanaese Journal of Thoracic Diseases. (Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi, c/o Toyo Bunko, No. 28-21, 2-Chome, Kamagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112 Japan) V.10- 1972-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63. Discontinued.
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOPADD Toxicologic Pathology. (c/o Dr. F.A. de la Iglesia, Warner-Lambert Co., Pharmaceutical Research Div., POB 1047, Ann Arbor, MI 48106) V.6(3/4)- 1978-
TOVEFN Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. (18-20 Vadkovskii per. Moscow, 101479, Russia) History Unknown
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VCVN1* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.
WDZAEK Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi. Journal of Health Toxicology. (Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi Bianjibu, Dongdaqiao, Chaoyang Menwai, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1987
YOMJA9 Yonsei Medical Journal. (Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine, P.O. Box 71, Seoul, S. Korea) V.1- 1960-

NIOSH PROFILE (ALUMINUM REDUCTION PLANTS), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (DIESEL EMISSIONS), SRI, 2/77

NIOSH PROFILE (FIREFIGHTING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (INCINERATION), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIES), SRC, 14/77

NIOSH PROFILE (PETROLEUM REFINING), FIRL, 4/78

NIOSH PROFILE (SLAUGHTERING AND RENDERING PLANTS), SRC, 10/77

NIOSH PROFILE (WELDING AND BRAZING), SRC, 10/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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