The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Cadmium chloride

RTECS #: EV0175000

CAS #: 10108-64-2

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 183.30 MF: CdCl2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Anhydrous cadmium chloride
  2. Caddy
  3. Cadmium dichloride
  1. Dichlorocadmium
  2. Kadmiumchlorid (German)
  3. VI - Cad


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 250 µg/L BECTA6 36,342,1986
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 1 µmol/L MUREAV 85,288,1981
cytogenetic analysis subcutaneous
hamster 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 67,349,1979
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 50 µmol/L/24 hour TXCYAC 10,67,1978
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 1 µmol/L TKIZAM 82,232,1974
cytogenetic analysis human lung 1 µmol/L/30 hour EMMUEG 40,200,2002
cytogenetic analysis subcutaneous
mouse 		3 mg/kg ENMUDM 4,563,1982
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		420 µg/kg MUREAV 206,285,1988
cytogenetic analysis mouse other cell types 15 mg/L/24 hour JJATDK 20,231,2000
cytogenetic analysis multiple
other fish 		630 µg/L/4 week- continuous BECTA6 36,199,1986
cytogenetic analysis rat embryo 3,500 nmol/L DANKAS 224,1189,1975
dominant lethal test intraperitoneal
mouse 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 30,365,1975
dominant lethal test oral
mouse 		15 mg/kg AXVMAW 34,399,1980
DNA damage chicken other cell types 100 µmol/L TECSDY 12,173,1986
DNA damage hamster ovary 2 µmol/L BIOJAU 25,229a,1979
DNA damage hamster lung 20 µmol/L MUREAV 111,69,1983
DNA damage hamster ovary 25 µmol/L/5 hour MUREAV 529,109,2003
DNA damage human fibroblast 1 mmol/L MUREAV 193,237,1988
DNA damage human fibroblast 4 µmol/l/2 hour MUREAV 498,47,2001
DNA damage human Ascites tumor 100 µmol/L/12 hour FCTOD7 40,1069,2001
DNA damage mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 350 µmol/L SCIEAS 198,513,1977
DNA damage mouse liver 0.1 µmol/L/10 minute MUTAEX 16,265,2001
DNA damage mouse kidney 0.1 µmol/L/10 minute MUTAEX 16,265,2001
DNA damage inhalation
mouse 		4.8 mg/L/60 minute MUTAEX 16,265,2001
DNA damage oral
mouse 		1 mg/kg TCMUD8 21,325,2001
DNA damage other microorganisms 350 µmol/L SCIEAS 198,513,1977
DNA inhibition hamster lung 10 µmol/L MUREAV 137,103,1984
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 15 µmol/L CRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA inhibition mammal (species unspecified) kidney 2 µmol/L TXCYAC 34,189,1985
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
mouse 		4 mg/kg TXCYAC 40,13,1986
DNA inhibition mouse other cell types 10 µmol/L TXAPA9 84,379,1986
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
rat 		6 mg/kg/3 day- continuous TXAPA9 38,145,1976
DNA inhibition rat other cell types 10 nmol/L TXAPA9 74,337,1984
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 5 mmol/L MUREAV 77,109,1980
DNA repair Escherichia coli 40 µg/well MUREAV 133,161,1984
DNA repair intraperitoneal
mouse 		0.25 mg/kg EVHPAZ 109,71,2001
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster embryo 10 µmol/L MUREAV 131,173,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis inhalation
mouse 		4,900 µg/m3/1 hour- continuous TXAPA9 80,215,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis intraperitoneal
rat 		10 mg/kg/5 day- continuous TXAPA9 38,145,1976
unscheduled DNA synthesis subcutaneous
rat 		12 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent TXAPA9 74,337,1984
host-mediated assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		6 mg/kg SOGEBZ 13,737,1977
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 500 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 138,9,1984
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 500 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) SOGEBZ 13,737,1977
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 1 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) CPBTAL 33,1571,1985
micronucleus test hamster ovary 500 µg/L BECTA6 36,342,1986
micronucleus test hamster lung 625 µg/L MUREAV 287,71,1993
micronucleus test human fibroblast 2 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 490,99,2001
micronucleus test human fibroblast 1 µmol/L/25 hour EMMUEG 40,200,2002
micronucleus test human lung 1 µmol/L/30 hour EMMUEG 40,200,2002
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		50 µg/kg MUREAV 306,85,1994
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
other fish 		1,000 ppm NULSAK 28,176,1985
micronucleus test oral
rat 		4.5 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent JJATDK 22,271,2002
micronucleus test subcutaneous
rat 		0.5 mg/kg/1 day- intermittent JJATDK 22,271,2002
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 1 µmol/L MUREAV 111,69,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 140 µg/L EMMUEG 12,85,1988
morphological transform hamster embryo 2 µmol/L CNREA8 39,193,1979
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 9 µmol/L MUREAV 448,23,2000
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.1 µmol/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transform rat other cell types 300 nmol/L MUREAV 198,115,1988
other mutation test systems hamster ovary 500 µg/L BECTA6 36,342,1986
other mutation test systems hamster embryo 1,100 µg/L MUREAV 287,47,1993
other mutation test systems subcutaneous
mouse 		3 mg/kg NEZAAQ 32,472,1977
other mutation test systems subcutaneous
rat 		12 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent TXAPA9 74,337,1984
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 5 µmol/L FCTOD7 30,521,1992
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		840 µg/kg MUREAV 206,285,1988
sister chromatid exchange mouse other cell types 10 mg/L/24 hour JJATDK 20,231,2000
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		20 ppm MUREAV 259,147,1991
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster embryo 600 µg/L MUREAV 287,47,1993
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human lymphocyte 1 mg/L MUREAV 287,57,1993
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human lung 1 µmol/L MUREAV 469,35,2000
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction human fibroblast 4 µmol/L/30 hour EMMUEG 40,200,2002
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction intraperitoneal
mouse 		10 µmol/kg BECTA6 29,412,1982
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 4 µmol/L MUTAEX 1,21,1986
sperm morphology subcutaneous
guinea pig 		40 µmol/kg JRPFA4 1,294,1960
sperm morphology subcutaneous
hamster 		40 µmol/kg JRPFA4 1,294,1960
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
mouse 		1 mg/kg JPETAB 187,641,1973
sperm morphology subcutaneous
mouse 		20,250 µg/kg BJEPA5 40,503,1959
sperm morphology unreported route
mouse 		1 mg/kg GNKAA5 16,1397,1980
sperm morphology subcutaneous
rat 		1,824 µg/kg JOENAK 24,453,1962
sperm morphology subcutaneous
rabbit 		40 µmol/kg JRPFA4 1,294,1960


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3 (50 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange TOLED5 129,189,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 µg/m3/24 hour (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Other effects on female

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXCYAC 10,297,1978
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 600 µg/m3/24 hour (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TXCYAC 10,297,1978
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 130 µg/m3 (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		GTPZAB 31(8),25,1987
implant
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20,530 µg/kg (5-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		TOLED5 76,195,1995
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands IJEBA6 15,594,1977
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct ARANDR 15,91,1985
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		CPBTAL 30,2141,1982
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 21,79,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,833 µg/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		NTIS** CONF-771017
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) JPETAB 187,641,1973
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct SCYYDZ 19,290,1999
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,933 µg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system 		TJADAB 7,237,1973
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,933 µg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) 		TJADAB 7,237,1973
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		ARTODN 59,443,1987
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		ARTODN 59,443,1987
intratesticular
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,330 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct IJEBA6 14,613,1976
intratesticular
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 500 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		AEFTAA 7,75,1976
intratesticular
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,520 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		JOANAY 99,907,1965
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) TJADAB 19,50A,1979
intravenous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear 		TJADAB 25,101,1982
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 73 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct TOXID9 4,164,1984
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		NYKZAU 70,84P,1974
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 µg/kg (10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear 		TJADAB 44,259,1991
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		ARTODN 59,443,1987
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		ARTODN 59,443,1987
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) 		BMMBES 48,159,1992
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 52.5 mg/kg (21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TOLED5 135,S52,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,197 µg/kg (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		AEHLAU 33,36,1978
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 248 gm/kg (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) 		JONUAI 109,1640,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg (15-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		JEPTDQ 1(3),187,1978
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 33 mg/kg (7-9 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		CIZAAZ 61,335,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 652 mg/kg (7-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) 		JJATDK 2,255,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 326 mg/kg (1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		GISAAA 54(4),86,1989
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg (90 day prior to copulation/1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects NTIS** CONF-771017
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14,677 µg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		TXAPA9 23,222,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17 mg/kg (6 week male/6 week prior to copulation-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system EESADV 4,51,1980
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg (1-21 day pregnant/21 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects 		AHRTAN 47,245,1996
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (6-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system NATUAS 239,231,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 55 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		NETEEC 19,213,1997
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 81.6 mg/kg (17 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral ETOPFR 17,35,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system 		NETEEC 26,673,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		NETEEC 26,673,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		NETEEC 26,673,2004
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 990 mg/kg (1-6 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility JRPFA4 70,323,1984
parenteral
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes IJEBA6 3,50,1965
subcutaneous
gerbil 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,600 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		JRMSAS 85,297,1965
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility 		BIREBV 29,249,1983
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct BIREBV 19,886,1978
subcutaneous
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,332 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct IJEBA6 12,200,1974
subcutaneous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		AEFTAA 7,339,1976
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		ZMAFA2 100,419,1986
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis TJADAB 16,127,1977
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,700 µg/kg (8-10 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) 		EXPADD 36,75,1989
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 µg/kg (13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death TJADAB 10,243,1974
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		INHEAO 11,127,1973
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange TJADAB 35,74A,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,892 µg/kg (19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		TXCYAC 18,103,1980
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kg (12-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system TJADAB 23,75,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,250 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		ABMGAJ 5,153,1960
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) BIREBV 16,609,1977
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) BIREBV 16,609,1977
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) IJVSA* 32,210,1962
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		IJVSA* 32,210,1962
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		IJVSA* 32,210,1962
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 815 µg/kg (29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system 		TXAPA9 62,211,1982
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death TOXID9 1,16,1981
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,583 ng/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		JRPFA4 14,348,1967
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility CCPTAY 26,181,1982
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) CCPTAY 26,181,1982
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 204 µg/kg (29 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus TXAPA9 62,211,1982
subcutaneous
squirrel 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,332 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		AEFTAA 7,257,1976
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 µg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct IJEBA6 18,1398,1980


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 20 µg/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JJIND8 70,367,1983
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 41 µg/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JJIND8 70,367,1983
inhalation
rat 		toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 82 µg/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JJIND8 70,367,1983
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens 		ARPAAQ 83,493,1967
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,700 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens 		ARPAAQ 83,493,1967
parenteral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,163 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Tumors 		JCROD7 114,273,1988
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,499 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		JNCIAM 31,745,1963
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PAACA3 24,84,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 4,500 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		ARPAAQ 83,493,1967
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 7,332 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PAACA3 24,84,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 5,499 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PSEBAA 115,653,1964
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 3,666 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		CNREA8 43,4575,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 7,332 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		CNREA8 43,4575,1983
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 40,770 ng/kg/2 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 48,4656,1988
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 9 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 49,4282,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Musculoskeletal: Tumors 		TOSCF2 54,110,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Musculoskeletal: Tumors 		TOSCF2 54,110,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		TOSCF2 54,110,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		TOSCF2 54,110,2000


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration (90 percent kill): 420 mg/m3/30 minute Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		JIHTAB 29,302,1947
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3 Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOLED5 129,189,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/24 hour N/R VHTODE 43,176,2001
intramuscular
frog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		CBPCEE 85,249,1986
intramuscular
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg N/R AEHLAU 11,201,1965
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,300 µg/kg Blood: Hemorrhage NEZAAQ 32,472,1977
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXAPA9 179,155,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,800 µg/kg N/R EVHPAZ 28,89,1979
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose : 8.3 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 73,250,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXAPA9 73,250,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.8 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		TXAPA9 73,250,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.83 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TXAPA9 73,250,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.18 mg/kg Endocrine: Androgenic

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TXAPA9 73,250,1984
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 179,37,2002
intraperitoneal
squirrel 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.32 mg/kg Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in CNS

Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites 		TOLED5 41,93,1988
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 433 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		LIFSAK 72,1303,2003
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 866 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		LIFSAK 72,1303,2003
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 241 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		ESKGA2 33,360,1987
intratesticular
domestic animal 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		ACEDAB 40,321,1962
intratesticular
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		ACEDAB 40,321,1962
intratesticular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 µg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		ACEDAB 40,321,1962
intratesticular
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 µg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct ACEDAB 40,321,1962
intravenous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,500 µg/kg N/R TXAPA9 53,510,1980
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXAPA9 180,178,2002
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 175,83,2002
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 175,83,2002
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,463 µg/kg N/R TXAPA9 41,667,1977
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests TOSCF2 65,151,2002
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		TXAPA9 55,456,1980
intravenous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 4.5 mg/kg N/R TOSCF2 65,151,2002
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOSCF2 65,151,2002
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,500 µg/kg N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
multiple
non-mammalian species 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/m3 N/R AECTCV 40,230,2001
oral
chicken 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 165 mg/kg N/R 41PDA9 -,160,1979
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 63 mg/kg N/R FOREAE 7,313,1942
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain APTOA6 48,108,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals FCTOD7 39,571,2001
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.3 mg/kg N/R ETOPFR 5,43,1998
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca 		TXAPA9 191,272,2003
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		AFDOAQ 15,122,1951
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
oral
woman 		lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		BMJOAE 292,1559,1986
subcutaneous
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
subcutaneous
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
gerbil 		lowest published lethal dose: 7,500 µg/kg N/R JRMSAS 85,297,1965
subcutaneous
gerbil 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct BIREBV 13,240,1975
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes 		MUREAV 67,349,1979
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,200 µg/kg Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain APTOA6 48,108,1981
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg N/R TOSCF2 53,474,2000
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.2 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct PSEBAA 122,1036,1966
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,499 µg/kg Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		TXCYAC 42,121,1986
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		TOSCF2 53,474,2000
subcutaneous
pigeon 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15,166 µg/kg N/R TXAPA9 41,667,1977
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.45 mg/kg mg/kg Endocrine: Androgenic

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		REPTED 15,699,2001
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,490 µg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TOSCF2 54,110,2000
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		CBPAB5 41A,451,1972
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle APHHDU 76,245,1990
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		ARPAAQ 71,52,1961
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight ENDKAC 74,6,1979
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		ENDKAC 74,6,1979
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TOLED5 50,203,1990
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		JOENAK 92,123,1982
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		NATUAS 177,1036,1956
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Impotence BIREBV 16,609,1977
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands JTEHD6 19,393,1986
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 mg/kg Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		JTEHD6 19,393,1986
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.85 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct ANREAK 149,135,1964
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.332 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		JRPFA4 21,221,1970
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		IJVSA* 32,210,1962
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) IJVSA* 32,210,1962
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 18 mg/kg N/R JOANAY 97,269,1963
skin
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg N/R AEHLAU 11,201,1965
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins TOXID9 72,81,2003


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3/5 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes TOLED5 129,189,2002
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field HBPTO* 2,1367,2001
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 128 µg/kg/2 week- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		REPTED 17,561,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 33 µg/m3/24 hour/20 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca 		GISAAA 52(5),85,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 327 µg/m3/24 hour/66 day- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain BECTA6 17,585,1977
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 81 mg/m3/4 hour/15 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		INHTE5 3,419,1991
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field HBPTO* 2,1367,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/2 day- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field VHTODE 43,176,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/7 day- continuous Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		VHTODE 43,176,2001
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/2 day- continuous Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests 		VHTODE 43,176,2001
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) 		RCOCB8 14,689,1976
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain RCOCB8 14,689,1976
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight 		RCOCB8 14,689,1976
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 11.67 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		RCOCB8 14,689,1976
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 58.33 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		RCOCB8 14,689,1976
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response 		TOLED5 86,39,1996
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		CHYCDW 32,318,1998
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TOLED5 12,27,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/7 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Endocrine: Other changes 		TOLED5 12,131,1982
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 74 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		VHTODE 41,65,1999
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Endocrine: Aldosteronism

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXCYAC 70,185,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes TXCYAC 70,185,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria TXCYAC 70,185,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight APHHDU 78,221,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes TOLED5 144,151,2003
intravenous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 195 mg/kg/65 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia 		JTSCDR 24,344,1999
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 65 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe 		TOPADD 24,451,1996
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,250 µg/kg/3 week- intermittent Eye: Other eye effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		KOAOAE 93,1,1991
oral
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,375 mg/kg/3 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		41PDA9 -,160,1979
oral
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,179 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		41PDA9 -,160,1979
oral
duck 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,803 mg/kg/90 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		JTEHD6 4,551,1978
oral
duck 		lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/42 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight 		AECTCV 13,765,1984
oral
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,369 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOLED5 34,85,1986
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,235 µg/kg/85 day- continuous Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		JTSCDR 9,29,1984
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/22 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Fluid intake

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXCYAC 55,193,1989
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 275 mg/kg/10 week- continuous Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response AEHLAU 30,598,1975
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6,825 mg/kg/65 week- continuous Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Normocytic anemia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NYKZAU 70,85P,1974
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 566 mg/kg/14 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		TOLED5 86,39,1996
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 13.6 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTPAE7 29,630,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 27.2 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JTPAE7 29,630,2001
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.83 mg/kg/61 day- continuous Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TXCYAC 172,1,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 183.6 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		TXCYAC 172,1,2002
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 12.6 µg/kg/3 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXCYAC 188,233,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 168 µg/kg/4 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria TXCYAC 188,233,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,302 µg/kg/31 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) 		TXCYAC 188,233,2003
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,680 µg/kg/4 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) 		TXCYAC 188,233,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40,040 mg/kg/65 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		BCTKAG 14,205,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 42,770 µg/kg/6 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		BECTA6 40,273,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,162 mg/kg/47 week- continuous Liver: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		TOLED5 15,95,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,808 mg/kg/83 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		TXAPA9 54,223,1980
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 412 mg/kg/4 week- continuous Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		FCTOD7 28,435,1990
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,505 mg/kg/43 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		TXAPA9 116,155,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 216 mg/kg/14 week- continuous Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe 		JTEHD6 2,929,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/26 week- continuous Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		JTEHD6 15,521,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 27,397 µg/kg/40 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function 		AEHLAU 24,215,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 293 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		AECTCV 6,121,1977
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 512.4 mg/kg/12 week- continuous Behavioral: Fluid intake

Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia 		FCTOD7 39,729,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/182 day- continuous Blood: Other hemolysis with or without anemia ETOPFR 8,79,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/8 day- continuous Behavioral: Fluid intake BECTA6 66,125,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/2 week- continuous Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field HBPTO* 2,1367,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Meningeal changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		TXCYAC 178,161,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 152 mg/kg/19 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport 		CRTOEC 14,1428,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Endocrine: Change in LH

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) 		NRTXDN 23,207,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Endocrine: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) 		NRTXDN 23,207,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		JTSCDR 26,337,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,092 mg/kg/78 week- continuous Blood: Other changes JTSCDR 26,337,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		JTSCDR 26,337,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 167 mg/kg/668 day- continuous Liver: Other changes JTSCDR 26,337,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 180.04 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight 		TXCYAC 178,161,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight 		TXCYAC 178,161,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 179,37,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight TXCYAC 186,109,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 16.8 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Endocrine: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		TXCYAC 186,109,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 33.6 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight 		TXCYAC 186,109,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 µg/kg/90 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOXID9 72,271,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve ETOPFR 13,181,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight ETOPFR 13,181,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TOLED5 145,211,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/8 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) FCTOD7 42,1203,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 227.5 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Liver: Other changes FCTOD7 42,1203,2004
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/5 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain FCTOD7 42,1203,2004
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,547 mg/kg/54 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		TXAPA9 31,4,1975
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,522 mg/kg/43 week- continuous Cardiac: Cardiac output

Cardiac: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		ATSUDG 8,322,1985
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 686 mg/kg/40 week- continuous Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Changes in platelet count 		FCTOD7 34,611,1996
subcutaneous
domestic bird 		lowest published toxic dose: 53 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		NEZAAQ 48,130,1993
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/7 week- intermittent Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		ENVRAL 24,192,1981
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 8,154 µg/kg/5 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		TOLED5 19,29,1983
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 157 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TOSCF2 55,223,2000
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4.4 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		JEPOEC 9,53,1989
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight AECTCV 29,174,1995
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases AECTCV 29,174,1995
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct AECTCV 29,174,1995
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 52 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		PHTOEH 63,342,1988
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 63,700 µg/kg/26 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXAPA9 98,39,1969
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition JTEHD6 22,255,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,338 µg/kg/9 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Other changes 		TOLED5 8,323,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 127 mg/kg/28 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXAPA9 77,414,1985
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,780 µg/kg/8 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals 		EESADV 18,268,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 73,385 µg/kg/15 week- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetic

Behavioral: Aggression 		TOLED5 7,457,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Endocrine: Other changes 		ENVRAL 42,400,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 77 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		JTSCDR 18,111,1993
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent Endocrine: Aldosteronism

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TXCYAC 55,117,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition 		TXCYAC 55,117,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		ENVRAL 42,400,1987
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain TXAPA9 189,180,2003
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		TXAPA9 189,180,2003
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 28,750 µg/kg/23 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		AEHLAU 12,360,1966
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 156 mg/kg/32 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight 		TOLED5 6,225,1980
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 63,600 µg/kg/13 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		ARTODN 61,105,1987


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, inhalable dust DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Suspected human carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 2,74,1973
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 11,39,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 58,119,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 58,119,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMEMDT 58,119,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXCYAC 192,95,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXAPA9 182,255,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 544,179,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled RBREV* -,167,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3 DTLVS* 3,34,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, Jan1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.005 mg(Cd)/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Group 1 Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) fume 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) fume 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) dust 0.04 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) dust 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.5 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.025 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Suspected human carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Suspected human carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air Carcinogen lowest feasible conc. NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84478;
Number of Industries 5;
Total Number of Facilities 68;
Number of Occupations 5;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 447
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84478;
Number of Industries 12;
Total Number of Facilities 753;
Number of Occupations 13;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 4,750;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 397


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-whole sex chrom. loss; B subtilis rec assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-rat; Sperm morphology-rabbit
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a pesticide and in non-pasture turf fungicides
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
41PDA9 "Kadmium-Symposium, Jena, Ger. Dem. Rep., 1977," Bolck F., ed., Jena, Ger. Dem. Rep., Abteilung Wissenschaftliche Pub., 1979
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978
ABMGAJ Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica. (Berlin, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-41, 1958-82. For publisher information, see BBIADT.
ACEDAB Acta Endocrinologica, Supplementum (Copenhagen). (Periodica, Skolegade 12 E, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark) No.1- 1948-
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973-
AEFTAA Acta Europaea Fertilitatis. (COFESE Eds., Piazzale Ungheria 73, 90141 Palermo, Italy) V.1- 1969-
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
AFDOAQ Quarterly Bulletin--Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States. (Denver, CO) V.3-38, 1939-74.
AHRTAN Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Jugoslovenska Knjiga, POB 36, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia) V.7- 1956-
ANREAK Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1906/08-
APHHDU Acta Physiologica Hungarica. (Kultura, POB 149, H-1389 Budapest, Hungary) V.61- 1983-
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH
ARANDR Archives of Andrology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1978-
ARPAAQ Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.5(3)-50(3), 1928-50; V.70-99, 1960-75. For publisher information, see APLMAS.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
AXVMAW Archiv fuer Experimentelle Veterinaermedizin. (S. Hirzel Verlag, Postfach 506, Leipzig DDR-7010, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.6- 1952-
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BIOJAU Biophysical Journal. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1960-
BIREBV Biology of Reproduction. (Soc. for the Study of Reproduction, 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1969-
BJEPA5 British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920-
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857-
BMMBES Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology. (Academic Press, Inc., Journal Customer Service, POB 6250, Duluth, MN 55802-0250) V.35- 1986-
CBPAB5 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A: Comparative Physiology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.30- 1971-
CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 1983-
CCPTAY Contraception. (Geron-X, Inc., POB 1108, Los Altos, CA 94022) V.1- 1970-
CHYCDW Zhonghua Yufangyixue Zazhi. Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) Beginning history not known.
CIZAAZ Chiba Igaku Zasshi. Chiba Medical Journal. (Chiba Daigaku Igakkai, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 280, Japan) V.50- 1974-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CPBTAL Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Japan Pub. Trading Co., USA, 1255 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103) V.6- 1958-
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
CRTOEC Chemical Research in Toxicology. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57/36, West End Station, Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1988-
DANKAS Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. For English translation, see DBIOAM and DKBSAS. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1933-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977-
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
ENDKAC Endokrinologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-80, 1928-82. For publisher information, see EXCEDS.
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued.
ESKGA2 Eisei Kagaku. Hygienic Chemistry. (Nippon Yakugakkai, 2-12-15 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1953-
ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
EXPADD Experimental Pathology (1981). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.19- 1981-
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ.
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Used as a pesticide and in non-pasture turf fungicides

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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