The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
Cadmium chloride |
UPDATE: May 2005 | MW: 183.30 | MF: CdCl2 |
SYNONYMS: | |
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SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
N/R | N/R | N/R | N/R |
MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
SYSTEM TEST |
ROUTE/ ORGANISM/ TISSUE | DOSE | REFERENCE |
cytogenetic analysis | hamster ovary | 250 痢/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
cytogenetic analysis | hamster lung | 1 痠ol/L | MUREAV 85,288,1981 |
cytogenetic analysis |
subcutaneous hamster | 2 mg/kg | MUREAV 67,349,1979 |
cytogenetic analysis | human lymphocyte | 50 痠ol/L/24 hour | TXCYAC 10,67,1978 |
cytogenetic analysis | human leukocyte | 1 痠ol/L | TKIZAM 82,232,1974 |
cytogenetic analysis | human lung | 1 痠ol/L/30 hour | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
cytogenetic analysis |
subcutaneous mouse | 3 mg/kg | ENMUDM 4,563,1982 |
cytogenetic analysis |
intraperitoneal mouse | 420 痢/kg | MUREAV 206,285,1988 |
cytogenetic analysis | mouse other cell types | 15 mg/L/24 hour | JJATDK 20,231,2000 |
cytogenetic analysis |
multiple other fish | 630 痢/L/4 week- continuous | BECTA6 36,199,1986 |
cytogenetic analysis | rat embryo | 3,500 nmol/L | DANKAS 224,1189,1975 |
dominant lethal test |
intraperitoneal mouse | 2 mg/kg | MUREAV 30,365,1975 |
dominant lethal test |
oral mouse | 15 mg/kg | AXVMAW 34,399,1980 |
DNA damage | chicken other cell types | 100 痠ol/L | TECSDY 12,173,1986 |
DNA damage | hamster ovary | 2 痠ol/L | BIOJAU 25,229a,1979 |
DNA damage | hamster lung | 20 痠ol/L | MUREAV 111,69,1983 |
DNA damage | hamster ovary | 25 痠ol/L/5 hour | MUREAV 529,109,2003 |
DNA damage | human fibroblast | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 193,237,1988 |
DNA damage | human fibroblast | 4 痠ol/l/2 hour | MUREAV 498,47,2001 |
DNA damage | human Ascites tumor | 100 痠ol/L/12 hour | FCTOD7 40,1069,2001 |
DNA damage | mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte | 350 痠ol/L | SCIEAS 198,513,1977 |
DNA damage | mouse liver | 0.1 痠ol/L/10 minute | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
DNA damage | mouse kidney | 0.1 痠ol/L/10 minute | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
DNA damage |
inhalation mouse | 4.8 mg/L/60 minute | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
DNA damage |
oral mouse | 1 mg/kg | TCMUD8 21,325,2001 |
DNA damage | other microorganisms | 350 痠ol/L | SCIEAS 198,513,1977 |
DNA inhibition | hamster lung | 10 痠ol/L | MUREAV 137,103,1984 |
DNA inhibition | human HeLa cell | 15 痠ol/L | CRNGDP 13,2389,1992 |
DNA inhibition | mammal (species unspecified) kidney | 2 痠ol/L | TXCYAC 34,189,1985 |
DNA inhibition |
intraperitoneal mouse | 4 mg/kg | TXCYAC 40,13,1986 |
DNA inhibition | mouse other cell types | 10 痠ol/L | TXAPA9 84,379,1986 |
DNA inhibition |
intraperitoneal rat | 6 mg/kg/3 day- continuous | TXAPA9 38,145,1976 |
DNA inhibition | rat other cell types | 10 nmol/L | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
DNA repair | Bacillus subtilis | 5 mmol/L | MUREAV 77,109,1980 |
DNA repair | Escherichia coli | 40 痢/well | MUREAV 133,161,1984 |
DNA repair |
intraperitoneal mouse | 0.25 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 109,71,2001 |
unscheduled DNA synthesis | hamster embryo | 10 痠ol/L | MUREAV 131,173,1984 |
unscheduled DNA synthesis |
inhalation mouse | 4,900 痢/m3/1 hour- continuous | TXAPA9 80,215,1985 |
unscheduled DNA synthesis |
intraperitoneal rat | 10 mg/kg/5 day- continuous | TXAPA9 38,145,1976 |
unscheduled DNA synthesis |
subcutaneous rat | 12 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
host-mediated assay |
mouse
Salmonella typhimurium | 6 mg/kg | SOGEBZ 13,737,1977 |
mutation in microorganisms | Salmonella typhimurium | 500 痠ol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 138,9,1984 |
mutation in microorganisms | Salmonella typhimurium | 500 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) | SOGEBZ 13,737,1977 |
mutation in microorganisms | Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1 痠ol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | CPBTAL 33,1571,1985 |
micronucleus test | hamster ovary | 500 痢/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
micronucleus test | hamster lung | 625 痢/L | MUREAV 287,71,1993 |
micronucleus test | human fibroblast | 2 痠ol/L/24 hour | MUREAV 490,99,2001 |
micronucleus test | human fibroblast | 1 痠ol/L/25 hour | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
micronucleus test | human lung | 1 痠ol/L/30 hour | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
micronucleus test |
intraperitoneal mouse | 50 痢/kg | MUREAV 306,85,1994 |
micronucleus test |
intraperitoneal other fish | 1,000 ppm | NULSAK 28,176,1985 |
micronucleus test |
oral rat | 4.5 mg/kg/9 day- intermittent | JJATDK 22,271,2002 |
micronucleus test |
subcutaneous rat | 0.5 mg/kg/1 day- intermittent | JJATDK 22,271,2002 |
mutation in mammalian somatic cells | hamster lung | 1 痠ol/L | MUREAV 111,69,1983 |
mutation in mammalian somatic cells | mouse lymphocyte | 140 痢/L | EMMUEG 12,85,1988 |
morphological transform | hamster embryo | 2 痠ol/L | CNREA8 39,193,1979 |
morphological transform | mouse fibroblast | 9 痠ol/L | MUREAV 448,23,2000 |
morphological transform | mouse fibroblast | 0.1 痠ol/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 35,300,2000 |
morphological transform | rat other cell types | 300 nmol/L | MUREAV 198,115,1988 |
other mutation test systems | hamster ovary | 500 痢/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
other mutation test systems | hamster embryo | 1,100 痢/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
other mutation test systems |
subcutaneous mouse | 3 mg/kg | NEZAAQ 32,472,1977 |
other mutation test systems |
subcutaneous rat | 12 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
sister chromatid exchange | human lymphocyte | 5 痠ol/L | FCTOD7 30,521,1992 |
sister chromatid exchange |
intraperitoneal mouse | 840 痢/kg | MUREAV 206,285,1988 |
sister chromatid exchange | mouse other cell types | 10 mg/L/24 hour | JJATDK 20,231,2000 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction |
oral Drosophila melanogaster | 20 ppm | MUREAV 259,147,1991 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | hamster embryo | 600 痢/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | human lymphocyte | 1 mg/L | MUREAV 287,57,1993 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | human lung | 1 痠ol/L | MUREAV 469,35,2000 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | human fibroblast | 4 痠ol/L/30 hour | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction |
intraperitoneal mouse | 10 痠ol/kg | BECTA6 29,412,1982 |
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 4 痠ol/L | MUTAEX 1,21,1986 |
sperm morphology |
subcutaneous guinea pig | 40 痠ol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
sperm morphology |
subcutaneous hamster | 40 痠ol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
sperm morphology |
intraperitoneal mouse | 1 mg/kg | JPETAB 187,641,1973 |
sperm morphology |
subcutaneous mouse | 20,250 痢/kg | BJEPA5 40,503,1959 |
sperm morphology |
unreported route mouse | 1 mg/kg | GNKAA5 16,1397,1980 |
sperm morphology |
subcutaneous rat | 1,824 痢/kg | JOENAK 24,453,1962 |
sperm morphology |
subcutaneous rabbit | 40 痠ol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
inhalation guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 痢/m3 (50 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 痢/m3/24 hour (1-21 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Other effects on female Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 10,297,1978 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 痢/m3/24 hour (1-21 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 10,297,1978 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 130 痢/m3 (1-19 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | GTPZAB 31(8),25,1987 |
implant mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 20,530 痢/kg (5-18 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TOLED5 76,195,1995 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | IJEBA6 15,594,1977 |
intraperitoneal hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 痢/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ARANDR 15,91,1985 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (7 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | CPBTAL 30,2141,1982 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 21,79,1980 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1,833 痢/kg (7 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | NTIS** CONF-771017 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JPETAB 187,641,1973 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | SCYYDZ 19,290,1999 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2,933 痢/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system | TJADAB 7,237,1973 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2,933 痢/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | TJADAB 7,237,1973 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
intratesticular dog | lowest published toxic dose: 7,330 痢/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 14,613,1976 |
intratesticular mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 500 痢/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,75,1976 |
intratesticular rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1,520 痢/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JOANAY 99,907,1965 |
intravenous hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 19,50A,1979 |
intravenous hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | TJADAB 25,101,1982 |
intravenous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 73 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 4,164,1984 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NYKZAU 70,84P,1974 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 痢/kg (10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | TJADAB 44,259,1991 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (14 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
intravenous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | BMMBES 48,159,1992 |
oral dog | lowest published toxic dose: 52.5 mg/kg (21 day after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOLED5 135,S52,2002 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6,197 痢/kg (1-19 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | AEHLAU 33,36,1978 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 248 gm/kg (1-19 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) | JONUAI 109,1640,1979 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg (15-19 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | JEPTDQ 1(3),187,1978 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 33 mg/kg (7-9 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | CIZAAZ 61,335,1985 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 652 mg/kg (7-16 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | JJATDK 2,255,1982 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 326 mg/kg (1-20 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | GISAAA 54(4),86,1989 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 48 mg/kg (90 day prior to copulation/1-22 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NTIS** CONF-771017 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14,677 痢/kg (6-14 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXAPA9 23,222,1972 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17 mg/kg (6 week male/6 week prior to copulation-20 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | EESADV 4,51,1980 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg (1-21 day pregnant/21 day after birth) |
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | AHRTAN 47,245,1996 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg (6-19 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | NATUAS 239,231,1972 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 55 mg/kg (1-22 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NETEEC 19,213,1997 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 81.6 mg/kg (17 day after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | ETOPFR 17,35,2004 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg (6-14 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
oral rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 990 mg/kg (1-6 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | JRPFA4 70,323,1984 |
parenteral guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 痢/kg (1 day prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | IJEBA6 3,50,1965 |
subcutaneous gerbil | lowest published toxic dose: 5,600 痢/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | JRMSAS 85,297,1965 |
subcutaneous hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | BIREBV 29,249,1983 |
subcutaneous hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | BIREBV 19,886,1978 |
subcutaneous mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 7,332 痢/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 12,200,1974 |
subcutaneous monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,339,1976 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg (7 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ZMAFA2 100,419,1986 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis | TJADAB 16,127,1977 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5,700 痢/kg (8-10 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | EXPADD 36,75,1989 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 痢/kg (13 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 10,243,1974 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 痢/kg (7 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | INHEAO 11,127,1973 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | TJADAB 35,74A,1987 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4,892 痢/kg (19 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TXCYAC 18,103,1980 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32 mg/kg (12-15 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system | TJADAB 23,75,1981 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1,250 痢/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ABMGAJ 5,153,1960 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (1 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 815 痢/kg (29 day pregnant) |
Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXAPA9 62,211,1982 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg (20 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOXID9 1,16,1981 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 4,583 ng/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JRPFA4 14,348,1967 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 2,500 痢/kg (1 day prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | CCPTAY 26,181,1982 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | CCPTAY 26,181,1982 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 204 痢/kg (29 day pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | TXAPA9 62,211,1982 |
subcutaneous squirrel | lowest published toxic dose: 7,332 mg/kg (1 day male) |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,257,1976 |
unreported route mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 痢/kg (1 day male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 18,1398,1980 |
TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 痢/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
inhalation rat | toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 41 痢/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
inhalation rat | toxic concentration (other than lowest) : 82 痢/m3/23 hour/78 week- continuous |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4,500 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
parenteral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1,700 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
parenteral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6,163 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors | JCROD7 114,273,1988 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5,499 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | JNCIAM 31,745,1963 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3,666 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 24,84,1983 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 4,500 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 7,332 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 24,84,1983 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 5,499 痢/kg |
Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PSEBAA 115,653,1964 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 3,666 mg/kg |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | CNREA8 43,4575,1983 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 7,332 mg/kg |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | CNREA8 43,4575,1983 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 40,770 ng/kg/2 day- intermittent |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | CNREA8 48,4656,1988 |
subcutaneous rat | toxic dose : 9 mg/kg |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | CNREA8 49,4282,1989 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Musculoskeletal: Tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Musculoskeletal: Tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent |
Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
inhalation dog | lethal concentration (90 percent kill): 420 mg/m3/30 minute |
Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JIHTAB 29,302,1947 |
inhalation guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 痢/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
inhalation rat | lowest published lethal concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/24 hour | N/R | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
intramuscular frog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mg/kg |
Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | CBPCEE 85,249,1986 |
intramuscular rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | N/R | 85PDAD -,67,1978 |
intraperitoneal guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg | N/R | AEHLAU 11,201,1965 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9,300 痢/kg | Blood: Hemorrhage | NEZAAQ 32,472,1977 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg |
Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXAPA9 179,155,2002 |
intraperitoneal rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,800 痢/kg | N/R | EVHPAZ 28,89,1979 |
intraperitoneal rat | lethal dose : 8.3 mg/kg | N/R | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.8 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.83 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.18 mg/kg |
Endocrine: Androgenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 179,37,2002 |
intraperitoneal squirrel | lowest published toxic dose: 0.32 mg/kg |
Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in CNS Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TOLED5 41,93,1988 |
intratracheal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 433 痢/kg |
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | LIFSAK 72,1303,2003 |
intratracheal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 866 痢/kg |
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | LIFSAK 72,1303,2003 |
intratracheal rat | lowest published lethal dose: 241 痢/kg |
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ESKGA2 33,360,1987 |
intratesticular domestic animal | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
intratesticular monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
intratesticular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 痢/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
intratesticular rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 200 痢/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
intravenous cat | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 |
intravenous dog | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | N/R | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 |
intravenous mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,500 痢/kg | N/R | TXAPA9 53,510,1980 |
intravenous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg |
Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXAPA9 180,178,2002 |
intravenous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg |
Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 175,83,2002 |
intravenous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg |
Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 175,83,2002 |
intravenous rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,463 痢/kg | N/R | TXAPA9 41,667,1977 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 55,456,1980 |
intravenous rat | lowest published lethal dose: 4.5 mg/kg | N/R | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg |
Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 |
intravenous rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,500 痢/kg | N/R | 85PDAD -,67,1978 |
multiple non-mammalian species | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/m3 | N/R | AECTCV 40,230,2001 |
oral chicken | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 165 mg/kg | N/R | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 |
oral guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 63 mg/kg | N/R | FOREAE 7,313,1942 |
oral mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | APTOA6 48,108,1981 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | FCTOD7 39,571,2001 |
oral mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.3 mg/kg | N/R | ETOPFR 5,43,1998 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg |
Gastrointestinal: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 191,272,2003 |
oral rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88 mg/kg |
Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | AFDOAQ 15,122,1951 |
oral rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | N/R | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 |
oral woman | lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg |
Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | BMJOAE 292,1559,1986 |
subcutaneous cat | lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg | N/R | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 |
subcutaneous frog | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 |
subcutaneous gerbil | lowest published lethal dose: 7,500 痢/kg | N/R | JRMSAS 85,297,1965 |
subcutaneous gerbil | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | BIREBV 13,240,1975 |
subcutaneous hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | MUREAV 67,349,1979 |
subcutaneous mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,200 痢/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | APTOA6 48,108,1981 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | N/R | TOSCF2 53,474,2000 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.2 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | PSEBAA 122,1036,1966 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5,499 痢/kg |
Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 42,121,1986 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg |
Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TOSCF2 53,474,2000 |
subcutaneous pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | N/R | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 |
subcutaneous rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15,166 痢/kg | N/R | TXAPA9 41,667,1977 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.45 mg/kg mg/kg |
Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 15,699,2001 |
subcutaneous rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,490 痢/kg |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg |
Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | CBPAB5 41A,451,1972 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | APHHDU 76,245,1990 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ARPAAQ 71,52,1961 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ENDKAC 74,6,1979 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | ENDKAC 74,6,1979 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg |
Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 50,203,1990 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | JOENAK 92,123,1982 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg |
Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | NATUAS 177,1036,1956 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Impotence | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | JTEHD6 19,393,1986 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 mg/kg |
Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHD6 19,393,1986 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.85 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ANREAK 149,135,1964 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.332 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | JRPFA4 21,221,1970 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 18 mg/kg | N/R | JOANAY 97,269,1963 |
skin guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg | N/R | AEHLAU 11,201,1965 |
unreported route mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 72,81,2003 |
OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES: | |||
ROUTE/ ORGANISM | DOSE |
EFFECT | REFERENCE |
inhalation guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 痢/m3/5 day- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
inhalation mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2 week- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
inhalation mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 128 痢/kg/2 week- intermittent |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | REPTED 17,561,2003 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 33 痢/m3/24 hour/20 week- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | GISAAA 52(5),85,1987 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 327 痢/m3/24 hour/66 day- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | BECTA6 17,585,1977 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 81 mg/m3/4 hour/15 day- intermittent |
Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | INHTE5 3,419,1991 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2 week- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/2 day- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/7 day- continuous |
Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
inhalation rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/2 day- continuous |
Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent |
Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11.67 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent |
Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
intramuscular rat | lowest published toxic dose: 58.33 mg/kg/70 day- intermittent |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
intraperitoneal mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent |
Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOLED5 86,39,1996 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | CHYCDW 32,318,1998 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TOLED5 12,27,1982 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/7 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Endocrine: Other changes | TOLED5 12,131,1982 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 74 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | VHTODE 41,65,1999 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent |
Endocrine: Aldosteronism Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg/7 day- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/18 week- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | APHHDU 78,221,1991 |
intraperitoneal rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOLED5 144,151,2003 |
intravenous monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 195 mg/kg/65 week- intermittent |
Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia | JTSCDR 24,344,1999 |
intravenous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 65 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent |
Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe | TOPADD 24,451,1996 |
intravenous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 2,250 痢/kg/3 week- intermittent |
Eye: Other eye effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | KOAOAE 93,1,1991 |
oral chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 1,375 mg/kg/3 week- continuous |
Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 |
oral chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 3,179 mg/kg/26 week- continuous |
Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 |
oral duck | lowest published toxic dose: 1,803 mg/kg/90 day- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHD6 4,551,1978 |
oral duck | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/42 day- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | AECTCV 13,765,1984 |
oral monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 1,369 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent |
Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 34,85,1986 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2,235 痢/kg/85 day- continuous |
Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | JTSCDR 9,29,1984 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/22 week- continuous |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 55,193,1989 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 275 mg/kg/10 week- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | AEHLAU 30,598,1975 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6,825 mg/kg/65 week- continuous |
Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NYKZAU 70,85P,1974 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 566 mg/kg/14 day- continuous |
Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TOLED5 86,39,1996 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13.6 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,630,2001 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 27.2 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,630,2001 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.83 mg/kg/61 day- continuous |
Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 172,1,2002 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 183.6 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent |
Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 172,1,2002 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 12.6 痢/kg/3 week- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 168 痢/kg/4 week- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1,302 痢/kg/31 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
oral mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1,680 痢/kg/4 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40,040 mg/kg/65 week- continuous |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | BCTKAG 14,205,1981 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42,770 痢/kg/6 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | BECTA6 40,273,1988 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7,162 mg/kg/47 week- continuous |
Liver: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TOLED5 15,95,1983 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2,808 mg/kg/83 week- continuous |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TXAPA9 54,223,1980 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 412 mg/kg/4 week- continuous |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 28,435,1990 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1,505 mg/kg/43 week- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | TXAPA9 116,155,1992 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 216 mg/kg/14 week- continuous |
Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe | JTEHD6 2,929,1977 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/26 week- continuous |
Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | JTEHD6 15,521,1985 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 27,397 痢/kg/40 week- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | AEHLAU 24,215,1972 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 293 mg/kg/30 day- continuous |
Gastrointestinal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | AECTCV 6,121,1977 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 512.4 mg/kg/12 week- continuous |
Behavioral: Fluid intake Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia | FCTOD7 39,729,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/182 day- continuous | Blood: Other hemolysis with or without anemia | ETOPFR 8,79,2000 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/8 day- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | BECTA6 66,125,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/2 week- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent |
Brain and Coverings: Meningeal changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 152 mg/kg/19 day- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | CRTOEC 14,1428,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30 day- continuous |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Change in LH Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | NRTXDN 23,207,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30 day- continuous |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | NRTXDN 23,207,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/1 year- continuous |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1,092 mg/kg/78 week- continuous | Blood: Other changes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/1 year- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 167 mg/kg/668 day- continuous | Liver: Other changes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180.04 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent |
Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 179,37,2002 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16.8 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 33.6 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 痢/kg/90 day- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TOXID9 72,271,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | ETOPFR 13,181,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/12 week- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | ETOPFR 13,181,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 145,211,2003 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/8 week- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227.5 mg/kg/13 week- continuous | Liver: Other changes | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
oral rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/5 week- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
oral rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 5,547 mg/kg/54 week- continuous |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXAPA9 31,4,1975 |
oral rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1,522 mg/kg/43 week- continuous |
Cardiac: Cardiac output Cardiac: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | ATSUDG 8,322,1985 |
oral rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 686 mg/kg/40 week- continuous |
Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in platelet count | FCTOD7 34,611,1996 |
subcutaneous domestic bird | lowest published toxic dose: 53 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | NEZAAQ 48,130,1993 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/7 week- intermittent |
Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | ENVRAL 24,192,1981 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8,154 痢/kg/5 day- intermittent |
Blood: Changes in spleen Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | TOLED5 19,29,1983 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 157 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent |
Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOSCF2 55,223,2000 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4.4 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent |
Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JEPOEC 9,53,1989 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/2 day- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
subcutaneous mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52 mg/kg/16 day- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | PHTOEH 63,342,1988 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 63,700 痢/kg/26 day- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXAPA9 98,39,1969 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | JTEHD6 22,255,1987 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7,338 痢/kg/9 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Other changes | TOLED5 8,323,1981 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 127 mg/kg/28 week- intermittent |
Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXAPA9 77,414,1985 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9,780 痢/kg/8 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | EESADV 18,268,1989 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 73,385 痢/kg/15 week- intermittent |
Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetic Behavioral: Aggression | TOLED5 7,457,1981 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Other changes | ENVRAL 42,400,1987 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 77 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent |
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTSCDR 18,111,1993 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent |
Endocrine: Aldosteronism Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TXCYAC 55,117,1989 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/24 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXCYAC 55,117,1989 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent |
Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ENVRAL 42,400,1987 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 189,180,2003 |
subcutaneous rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 189,180,2003 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 28,750 痢/kg/23 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | AEHLAU 12,360,1966 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 156 mg/kg/32 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TOLED5 6,225,1980 |
subcutaneous rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 63,600 痢/kg/13 week- intermittent |
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | ARTODN 61,105,1987 |
REVIEWS: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD |
REFERENCE |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, inhalable dust | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999 |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value | time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3, respirable dust | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999 |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value | Suspected human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review | Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 2,74,1973 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review | Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 11,39,1976 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review | Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review | Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review | Group 1 | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| TXCYAC 192,95,2003 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| TXAPA9 182,255,2002 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| MUREAV 544,179,2003 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| MUREAV 567,227,2004 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW |
| MUREAV 567,109,2004 |
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD |
REFERENCE |
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 | PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 |
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF | PESTICIDES: Cancelled | RBREV* -,167,1998 |
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3 | DTLVS* 3,34,1971 |
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA | Carcinogen, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, Jan1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE | VME 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY | Carcinogen, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.005 mg(Cd)/m3, 2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Group 1 Carcinogen, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) fume 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) fume 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) dust 0.04 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) dust 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN | Carcinogen, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND | MAK- week 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND | Carcinogen, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.5 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.025 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value; Suspected human carcinogen | |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Suspected human carcinogen |
NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE: | ||
ORGANIZATION | STANDARD or SURVEY |
REFERENCE |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air | Carcinogen lowest feasible conc. | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84478; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 68; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 447 | |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84478![]() Number of Industries 12; Total Number of Facilities 753; Number of Occupations 13; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4,750; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 397 |
STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES: | |
ORGANIZATION |
REFERENCE |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-whole sex chrom. loss; B subtilis rec assay | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-rat; Sperm morphology-rabbit | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; Host-mediated assay | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine reversion-Ames test | |
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Sperm morphology-mouse | |
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
Used as a pesticide and in non-pasture turf fungicides | |
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen |
REFERENCES: | |
CODEN |
REFERENCE |
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