The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Cadmium oxide

RTECS #: EV1925000

CAS #: 1306-19-0

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 128.40 MF: CdO


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Cadmium monoxide
  2. Cadmium oxide (ACGIH)
  3. Cadmium oxide fume
  1. Kadmu tlenek (Polish)
  2. NCI - C02551


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R N/R


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/6 hour (4-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 µg/m3/6 hour (4-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 183 µg/m3/5 hour (21 week prior to copulation/1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		TOLED5 22,53,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 23 µg/m3/5 hour (21 week prior to copulation/1-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral TOLED5 22,53,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 91 µg/m3 (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) GTPZAB 31(8),25,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/6 hour (4-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 16 µg/m3/24 hour (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) GISAAA 46(10),13,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,640 µg/kg (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		GISAAA 50(8),11,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21,640 µg/kg (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		GISAAA 50(8),11,1985


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BJCAAI 20,190,1966


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4 gm/m3/10 minute N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
inhalation
guinea pig 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3,500 mg/m3/10 minute N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8,630 µg/m3/5 hour N/R YAKUD5 22,455,1980
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 µg/m3/5 year- intermittent Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria 		QJMEA7 38,425,1969
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 40 µg/m3 Cardiac: Change in rate

Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		GISAAA 45(10),22,1980
inhalation
monkey 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1,500 mg/m3/10 minute N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 250 mg/m3/2 hour N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 45 mg/m3/1 hour N/R VCVN1* -,164,1988
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 60 µg/m3/1 hour Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema 		TOLED5 2,323,1978
inhalation
rabbit 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2,500 mg/m3/10 minute N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 12 mg/kg N/R ZDKAA8 38(9),18,1978
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 72 mg/kg N/R HYSAAV 33(7-9),187,1968
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 67 mg/kg N/R VCVN1* -,164,1988
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 72 mg/kg N/R YAKUD5 22,455,1980
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 94 mg/kg N/R 85PDAD -,67,1978


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3/6 hour/2 week- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3/6 hour/13 week- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 23 µg/m3/24 hour/20 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca 		GISAAA 52(5),85,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 57 µg/m3/90 day- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		ARTODN 40,231,1978
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 µg/m3/6 hour/2 week- intermittent Cardiac: Changes in heart weight

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		NTPTR* NIH-95-3388
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,800 ng/kg/5 hour/1 week- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response TOXID9 72,293,2003
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg/2 day- continuous Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		TOLED5 135,S124,2002
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/28 day- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOLED5 135,S124,2002
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.75 mg/kg/3 day- continuous Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		TOLED5 135,S124,2002
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 1.75 mg/kg/7 day- continuous Behavioral: Anorexia (human)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Dehydration 		TOLED5 135,S124,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 156 µg/kg/26 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Blood: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes 		GISAAA 52(6),70,1987


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, inhalable dust DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Suspected human carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 2,74,1973
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 11,39,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 58,119,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT 11,39,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 58,119,1993
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMEMDT 58,119,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PEXTAR 12,102,1969
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AMPMAR 34,127,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,53,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen (fume), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM short term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen (fume), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3, Carcinogen (fume), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VLE 0.05 mg/m3 (fume), Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 0.005 mg(Cd)/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY short term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Group 1 Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) fume 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) fume 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) dust 0.04 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) dust 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.05 mg/m3 (fume), Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3 (fume), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.025 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Suspected human carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air Carcinogen lowest feasible conc. NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: M1554;
Number of Industries 37;
Total Number of Facilities 1,127;
Number of Occupations 28;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 10,110
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: M1554;
Number of Industries 27;
Total Number of Facilities 556;
Number of Occupations 31;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 15,727;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 4,850


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in electroplating, manufacturing electrodes and synthesis of other cadmium salts
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cadmium and compounds, as Cd, 7048
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-39, October 2000


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978
AMPMAR Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 1946-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960-
QJMEA7 Quarterly Journal of Medicine. (Oxford Univ. Press, Walton St., Oxford OX2 6DP, UK) V.1- 1932-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
VCVN1* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov I-IV groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing I-IV group elements), Filov V.A., Chimia, 1988.
YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959-
ZDKAA8 Zdravookhranenie Kazakhstana. Public Health of Kazakhstan. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1941-

Used in electroplating, manufacturing electrodes and synthesis of other cadmium salts

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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