The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Biphenyl

RTECS #: DU8050000

CAS #: 92-52-4

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 154.22 MF: C12H10


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Bibenzene
  2. Biphenyl (ACGIH:OSHA)
  3. Carolid AL
  4. Lemonene
  5. MCS 1572
  6. 1,1' - Biphenyl
  7. CP 390
  1. Diphenyl (OSHA)
  2. Phenador - X
  3. Phenylbenzene
  4. PHPH
  5. Tetrosin LY
  6. Xenene


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		100 mg mild MONS**
skin
rabbit 		500 µL/24 hour severe NTIS** OTS0546109


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 10 mg/L ESKHA5 (103),64,1985
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 50 µmol/L MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA damage oral
mouse 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 519,103,2002
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		8,400 mg/kg/4 week- continuous TXAPA9 99,37,1989
mutation in microorganisms hamster lung 10 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 281,151,1992
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 20 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 3,193,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 296 µmol/L MUTAEX 3,193,1988
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 100 µmol/L JNCIAM 58,1635,1977


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 56 gm/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Tumors 		NTIS** PB223-159
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		NTIS** PB223-159


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,400 µg/m3 Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		AEHLAU 26,70,1973
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration : >200 mg/m3 N/R MONS**
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg Endocrine: Estrogenic

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight 		RCOCB8 9,85,1974
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 56 mg/kg N/R CSLNX* NX#00198
oral
wild bird 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 96 mg/kg N/R BFUUA* 50,1,1992
oral
cat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2,600 mg/kg N/R 85JFAN A166,1983
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,900 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		SKEZAP 24,268,1983
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,140 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion 		NTIS** OTS0546109
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,400 mg/kg N/R NASDA6 28,983,1977
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5,010 mg/kg N/R MONS**
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4,500 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 53(5),6,1988


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/7 hour/92 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JIHTAB 29,1,1947
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/7 hour/94 day- intermittent Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JIHTAB 29,1,1947
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes TXAPA9 33,94,1975
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,300 mg/kg/15 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases 		TXAPA9 57,414,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 41,250 mg/kg/24 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased 		TXAPA9 3,560,1961


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.2 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJMEAZ 38,409,1965


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES: Cancelled RBREV* -,162,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,94,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.6 ppm (3 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - INDIA time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), KTV 0.4 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THAILAND time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.6 ppm (3.8 mg/m3), SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 0.2 ppm
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 0.2 ppm


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DIPHENYL-air 10 hour time-weighted average 0.2 ppm NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 27590;
Number of Industries 10;
Total Number of Facilities 281;
Number of Occupations 29;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 10,589
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 27590;
Number of Industries 20;
Total Number of Facilities 2,220;
Number of Occupations 36;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 32,003;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 3,708


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast; In vitro UDS in rat liver
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used as a heat-transfer fluid, dye carrier, agricultural chemical and pesticide
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Diphenyl, 2530


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85JFAN "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 1983-86
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946-
BFUUA* Beratergremium fuer umweltrelevante Altstoffe (BUA. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. Weinheim ; New York : VCH) 1992-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CSLNX* U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
ESKHA5 Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. Bulletin of the Institute of Hygienic Sciences. (Kokuritsu Eisei Shikenjo Kagaku, 18-1 Bushitsu Johobu, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan) V.1- 1886-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NASDA6 Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Nagoya City University Medical Association. (Nagoya-shiritsu Daigaku Igakkai, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467, Japan) V.1- 1950-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
RBREV* Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review (Rainbow Report), Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M. Street, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460, Spring 1998
RCOCB8 Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970-
SKEZAP Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Food Hygiene Journal. (Nippon Shokuhin Eisei Gakkai c/o Shokuhin Eisei Senta, 2-6-1 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1960-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-

Used as a heat-transfer fluid, dye carrier, agricultural chemical and pesticide

NIOSH PROFILE (DIPHENYL), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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