The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Benzo (a) pyrene

RTECS #: DJ3675000

CAS #: 50-32-8

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 252.32 MF: C20H12


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 3,4 - BP
  2. 3,4 - Benz (a) pyrene
  3. 3,4 - Benzopirene (Italian)
  4. 3,4 - Benzopyrene
  5. 3,4 - Benzpyren (German)
  6. 3,4 - Benzpyrene
  7. 3,4 - Benzypyrene
  8. 6,7 - Benzopyrene
  1. B (a) P
  2. BP
  3. BaP
  4. Benz (a) pyrene
  5. Benzo (d,e,f) chrysene
  6. Coal tar pitch volatiles: benzo (a) pyrene (OSHA)
  7. RCRA waste number U022


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
mouse 		14 µg mild CALEDQ 4,333,1978


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		100 mg/kg CNREA8 38,4478,1978
body fluid assay rat
Salmonella typhimurium 		10 mg/kg ENMUDM 1,155,1979
body fluid assay rat
ovary 		2 mg/kg MUREAV 143,263,1985
cytogenetic analysis parenteral
chicken 		31 µg/kg 47JMAE -,137,1982
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 3,970 nmol/L MOTOEX 1,217,1987
cytogenetic analysis inhalation
hamster 		100 µg/L/5 day- intermittent TOXID9 1,139,1981
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
hamster 		200 mg/kg TOLED5 2,277,1978
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 100 mg/L ATSUDG 4,41,1980
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 1 mg/L BJCAAI 30,103,1974
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 1 mmol/L MUREAV 111,209,1983
cytogenetic analysis hamster fibroblast 0.1 gm/L/48 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 16,183,2001
cytogenetic analysis human fibroblast 40 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 46,297,1977
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 1 mg/L BJCAAI 30,103,1974
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 2,400 µg/L MUREAV 113,239,1983
cytogenetic analysis human sperm 200 mg/L/120 minute (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 504,183,2002
cytogenetic analysis human mammary gland 5 µmol/L/24 hour EMMUEG 39,235,2002
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		50 mg/kg EMMUEG 19,259,1992
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		25 mg/kg TCMUD8 3,321,1983
cytogenetic analysis mouse leukocyte 100 µg/L/17 hour- continuous IJCNAW 9,435,1972
cytogenetic analysis mouse fibroblast 5 µmol/L CNREA8 42,1866,1982
cytogenetic analysis mouse lymphocyte 2,500 µg/L ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),24,1986
cytogenetic analysis multiple
non-mammalian species 		10 µg/L MUREAV 319,223,1993
cytogenetic analysis skin
other fish 		100 ng/L EESADV 5,261,1981
cytogenetic analysis other fish other cell types 100 µg/L/48 hour ENMUDM 4,181,1982
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
rat 		50 mg/kg GANNA2 64,637,1973
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
rat 		800 mg/kg MUREAV 182,309,1987
cytogenetic analysis unreported route
rat 		423 mg/kg MUREAV 113,239,1983
cytogenetic analysis rat other cell types 100 µg/L MUREAV 169,141,1986
dominant lethal test intraperitoneal
mouse 		750 mg/kg NATUAS 219,385,1968
DNA adduct cattle other cell types 10 mmol/L/60 minute CBINA8 139,129,2002
DNA adduct oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		1 mmol/L EMMUEG 23,171,1994
DNA adduct dog other cell types 1 µmol/L CNREA8 43,4723,1983
DNA adduct dog lung 1 µmol/L CNREA8 43,4723,1983
DNA adduct hamster embryo 500 µg/L PAACA3 25,86,1984
DNA adduct hamster other cell types 800 nmol/L CNREA8 33,2837,1973
DNA adduct hamster other cell types 1 µmol/L CNREA8 43,4723,1983
DNA adduct hamster other cell types 5 mg/L CRNGDP 15,661,1994
DNA adduct hamster embryo 1 mg/L/6 hour CRNGDP 22,1505,2001
DNA adduct hamster lung 0.5 µmol/L/6 hour MUTAEX 17,45,2002
DNA adduct human liver 100 nmol/L PAACA3 25,117,1984
DNA adduct human lymphocyte 1 µmol/L/72 hour CNREA8 49,6503,1989
DNA adduct human fibroblast 10 µmol/L MUREAV 390,179,1997
DNA adduct human other cell types 1,500 nmol/L TCMUD8 1,3,1980
DNA adduct human other cell types 400 nmol/L PNASA6 78,6251,1981
DNA adduct human lung 1 µmol/L CRNGDP 3,195,1982
DNA adduct human other cell types 4 µmol/L CALEDQ 18,11,1983
DNA adduct human fibroblast 50 µmol/L/2 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 484,3,2001
DNA adduct oral
human 		0.1 µg/kg MUREAV 472,119,2000
DNA adduct human fibroblast 0.1 mmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 471,57,2000
DNA adduct human mammary gland 0.8 µmol/L/12 hour CALEDQ 155,47,2000
DNA adduct human mammary gland 1 µmol/L/24 hour CRTOEC 13,10,2000
DNA adduct mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 30 µmol/L CBINA8 47,87,1983
DNA adduct monkey lung 25 µmol/L 50NNAZ 7,845,1983
DNA adduct monkey other cell types 1 µmol/L CNREA8 43,4723,1983
DNA adduct monkey other cell types 25 µmol/L 50NNAZ 7,845,1983
DNA adduct mouse liver 6 µmol/L JJIND8 62,947,1979
DNA adduct mouse embryo 1,200 nmol/L IJCNAW 4,813,1969
DNA adduct skin
mouse 		40 µmol/kg IJCNAW 23,201,1979
DNA adduct oral
mouse 		240 mg/kg CNREA8 42,1199,1982
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
mouse 		13.200 mg/kg CRNGDP 21,629,2000
DNA adduct oral
mouse 		7,840 mg/kg/2 week- continuous CRNGDP 21,1601,2000
DNA adduct oral
mouse 		273 mg/kg/7 week MUTAEX 16,333,2001
DNA adduct oral
mouse 		6.3 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent JJATDK 15,59,1995
DNA adduct mouse fibroblast 4 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 521,91,2002
DNA adduct subcutaneous
mouse 		25 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent REPTED 15,479,2001
DNA adduct non-mammalian species 1,700 nmol/L GANMAX 6,49,1968
DNA adduct oral
other fish 		125 µmol/kg/5 day- intermittent MUREAV 427,135,1999
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
other fish 		20 mg/kg CALEDQ 49,81,1990
DNA adduct other microorganisms 3 µmol/L PNCCA2 5,39,1965
DNA adduct other microorganisms 11 ng/L CBINA8 39,205,1982
DNA adduct rat lung 2 µmol/L CRNGDP 3,267,1982
DNA adduct intravenous
rat 		140 µg/kg CNREA8 38,4640,1978
DNA adduct skin
rat 		800 nmol/kg IJCNAW 28,387,1981
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
rat 		40 mg/kg CRNGDP 5,231,1984
DNA adduct rat other cell types 1,500 nmol/L TCMUD8 1,3,1980
DNA adduct rat other cell types 1 µmol/L CRNGDP 4,297,1983
DNA adduct rat embryo 500 µg/L PAACA3 25,86,1984
DNA adduct rat other cell types 5 mg/L CRNGDP 15,661,1994
DNA adduct rat liver 3 µmol/L MUREAV 419,91,1998
DNA adduct oral
rat 		10 mg/kg CRNGDP 1,87,2000
DNA adduct intratracheal
rat 		10 mg/kg CRNGDP 1,87,2000
DNA adduct skin
rat 		10 mg/kg CRNGDP 1,87,2000
DNA adduct rat liver 0.1 mg/L/1 hour BCPCA6 67,1711,2004
DNA adduct rat Ascites tumor 1 µmol/L/24 hour ETOPFR 12,15,2002
DNA adduct intravenous
rabbit 		1 mg/kg CBINA8 51,151,1984
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
rabbit 		11 mg/kg CRNGDP 3,1405,1982
DNA adduct salmon testis 5 µg/1 hour- continuous BIJOAK 110,159,1968
DNA adduct Salmonella typhimurium 147 gm/L MUREAV 109,183,1983
DNA adduct Salmonella typhimurium 30 µg/plate/1 hour (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 40,1,2002
DNA damage Bacillus subtilis 200 µg/disc PMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA damage Escherichia coli 500 mg/L BBACAQ 103,275,1965
DNA damage Escherichia coli 24.1 µg/L/3 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 515,85,2002
DNA damage Escherichia coli 1,000 ng/plate/2 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 520,161,2002
DNA damage intraperitoneal
frog 		125 gm/kg STEVA8 32,13,1983
DNA damage hamster lung 30 µmol/L/2 hour BBRCA9 72,732,1976
DNA damage hamster ovary 100 µmol/L MUREAV 77,259,1980
DNA damage hamster other cell types 100 nmol/L CRNGDP 3,1283,1982
DNA damage hamster fibroblast 10 µmol/L LIFSAK 48,1255,1991
DNA damage hamster lung 0.1 µmol/L/1 hour MUTAEX 17,45,2002
DNA damage hamster embryo 1 mg/L/5 hour TOLED5 142,77,2003
DNA damage human fibroblast 10 mg/L CNREA8 38,1638,1978
DNA damage human HeLa cell 1,500 nmol/L EMMUEG 17,20,1991
DNA damage human leukocyte 500 µmol/L MUREAV 346,49,1995
DNA damage human other cell types 150 µmol/L MUREAV 441,215,1999
DNA damage human other cell types 40 µmol/L MUREAV 467,21,2000
DNA damage human liver 5 mg/L/1 hour MUREAV 490,1,2001
DNA damage human mammary gland 1 µmol/L/4 hour CRTOEC 13,10,2000
DNA damage human mammary gland 1 µmol/L/24 hour CRTOEC 13,10,2000
DNA damage human liver 10 µmol/L/12 hour MUREAV 519,163,2002
DNA damage human liver 3.67 mmol/L/20 hour MUREAV 536,79,2003
DNA damage human other cell types 1 mg/L MAERE* 53,243,2002
DNA damage human lymphocyte 300 µmol/L/20 minute MUREAV 557,203,2004
DNA damage human liver 1 µmol/l/24 hour MUREAV 557,167,2004
DNA damage human other cell types 1 µmol/l/24 hour MUREAV 557,167,2004
DNA damage human Ascites tumor 25 µmol/L/24 hour FCTOD7 40,1077,2002
DNA damage human lymphocyte 0.5 mmol/L/3 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 540,43,2003
DNA damage human other cell types 25 µmol/L/24 hour TCMUD8 23,273,2003
DNA damage human liver 25 µmol/L/24 hour CBINA8 142,285,2003
DNA damage mammal (species unspecified) kidney 1 mmol/L JTEHD6 6,333,1980
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 500 µmol/L MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA damage mouse fibroblast 3 mg/L COINAV 256,389,1977
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		150 mg/kg/3 day MUREAV 480-481,147,2001
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		500 mg/kg MUREAV 493,39,2001
DNA damage oral
mouse 		500 mg/kg MUREAV 493,39,2001
DNA damage mouse fibroblast 1 µmol/L/19 hour MUREAV 521,91,2002
DNA damage intraperitoneal
other fish 		125 gm/kg STEVA8 32,13,1983
DNA damage other fish embryo 10 mg/L/16 hour MUREAV 513,83,2002
DNA damage other microorganisms 100 µmol/L MUREAV 368,235,1996
DNA damage rat other cell types 4 µg/tube BLFSBY 24,331,1983
DNA damage rat liver 80 µmol/L JBCHA3 252,6424,1977
DNA damage rat fibroblast 1,500 µmol/L CBINA8 18,337,1977
DNA damage rat other cell types 31 µmol/L CRNGDP 3,203,1982
DNA damage oral
rat 		62,500 µg/kg CRNGDP 10,393,1989
DNA damage rat liver 5 µmol/L/12 hour MUREAV 519,163,2002
DNA damage intratracheal
rat 		750 mg/L MUREAV 534,33,2003
DNA damage intratracheal
rat 		3.75 mg/kg MUREAV 538,19,2003
DNA damage salmon other cell types 80 µmol/L EVHPAZ 23,51,1978
DNA inhibition hamster other cell types 150 µmol/L CALEDQ 53,163,1990
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 1,500 nmol/L EMMUEG 17,20,1991
DNA inhibition human fibroblast 1 mg/L NEOLA4 33,699,1986
DNA inhibition mouse fibroblast 7 µmol/L JOUOD4 5,147,1983
DNA inhibition mouse other cell types 100 µmol/L JJIND8 65,1321,1980
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 46,305,1977
DNA inhibition other microorganisms 200 µg/L PNASA6 74,1378,1977
DNA inhibition other microorganisms 100 µg/L PNASA6 74,1378,1977
DNA inhibition rat liver 10 µmol/L CNREA8 45,337,1985
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
rat 		40 mg/kg BCPCA6 34,755,1985
DNA repair oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		100 mg/L MUREAV 290,175,1993
DNA repair Escherichia coli 70 µg/well MUREAV 46,53,1977
DNA repair hamster other cell types 1 µmol/L TIVIEQ 5,511,1991
DNA repair human mammary gland 5 µmol/L/48 hour EMMUEG 39,235,2002
DNA repair intraperitoneal
mouse 		10 mg/kg EVHPAZ 109,71,2001
DNA repair other microorganisms 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) TOXID9 72,227,2003
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster embryo 300 µg/L MUREAV 129,111,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster liver 10 µmol/L ENMUDM 5,1,1983
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster other cell types 100 µg/L EVSRBT 27,277,1983
unscheduled DNA synthesis hamster lung 6 mg/L MUREAV 230,111,1990
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 1 µmol/L TIVIEQ 5,377,1991
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 1 mmol/L CNREA8 38,2621,1978
unscheduled DNA synthesis human liver 1 µmol/L BANRDU 13,101,1982
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 10 µmol/L MUREAV 122,377,1983
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 3 mg/L MUREAV 140,43,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis human other cell types 5 µmol/L TXAPA9 79,28,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis human mammary gland 10 µmol/L EMMUEG 20,148,1992
unscheduled DNA synthesis monkey liver 10 mg/L MUREAV 206,91,1988
unscheduled DNA synthesis skin
mouse 		8 mg/kg PHMGBN 18,281,1979
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
mouse 		12 mg/kg CNREA8 44,1547,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse liver 1 µmol/L TOPADD 12,119,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
mouse 		6.3 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent JJATDK 15,59,1995
unscheduled DNA synthesis other fish liver 10 µmol/L NCIMAV 65,163,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis other fish liver 20 nmol/L HKXUDL 4,368,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis other fish liver 1 µmol/L AECTCV 14,555,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis other fish other cell types 10 µmol/L CBPCEE 86,399,1987
unscheduled DNA synthesis other microorganisms 1 mg/L CRNGDP 2,417,1981
unscheduled DNA synthesis oral
rat 		240 mg/kg/8 day- continuous MUREAV 218,13,1989
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 5 µmol/L CALEDQ 6,207,1979
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat other cell types 100 mmol/L SHKKAN 22,300,1980
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat other cell types 1 mg/L MUREAV 241,361,1990
unscheduled DNA synthesis skin
rabbit 		100 µg/L PAACA3 21,94,1980
host-mediated assay mouse
Escherichia coli 		50,464 µg/kg MUREAV 241,83,1990
host-mediated assay rat
Salmonella typhimurium 		40 mg/kg TOXID9 72,315,2003
mutation in microorganisms Bacillus subtilis 5 gm/L (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 42,19,1977
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 1 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 60,395,1979
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 200 nmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 135,87,1984
mutation in microorganisms hamster embryo 4 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) CRNGDP 10,419,1989
mutation in microorganisms hamster ovary 1 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) ENMUDM 4,354,1982
mutation in microorganisms hamster lung 25 nmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) CNREA8 39,2660,1979
mutation in microorganisms human lymphocyte 4 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) JJIND8 63,309,1979
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 250 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),103,1988
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 312 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step) RCOCB8 44,131,1984
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2 µg/plate/72 hour (+enzymatic activation step) TOLED5 116,189,2000
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 5 µg/plate/20 minute (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 492,13,2001
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 2.5 µg/plate/48 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 16,523,2001
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 6.125 nmol/plate/20 minute MUREAV 519,133,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 mg/L/48 hour MUREAV 520,161,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate/20 minute (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 514,19,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.1 µmol/plate/20 minute (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 521,187,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.15 mmol/L/20 minute MUREAV 508,147,2002
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 40 nmol/plate/48 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 541,123,2003
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.5 nmol/plate/48 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 557,99,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 4 mg/L/72 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,181,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 0.2 µmol/plate/72 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 558,93,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate/48 hour TCMUD8 23,85,2003
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium embryo 19.8 nmol/plate/72 hour MUREAV 545,11,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 559,105,2004
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 µmol/L/48 hour MUREAV 562,151,2004
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 1 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 1,414,1981
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 50 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) CPBTAL 33,1576,1985
micronucleus test multiple
frog 		60 ppb MUTAEX 4,12,1989
micronucleus test hamster embryo 100 µg/L CCLCDY 8,90,1986
micronucleus test hamster other cell types 1 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 491,87,2001
micronucleus test hamster ovary 0.1 mg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,115,2003
micronucleus test human other cell types 10 mg/L TIVIEQ 5,515,1991
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 50 µmol/L MUREAV 291,93,1993
micronucleus test human liver 4 mg/L/1 hour MUREAV 490,1,2001
micronucleus test human other cell types 0.2 mg/L/28 hour MUREAV 495,89,2001
micronucleus test human liver 0.5 µmol/L/20 hour MUREAV 536,79,2003
micronucleus test human liver 50 µmol/L/24 hour TOLED5 143,144,2003
micronucleus test mouse fibroblast 250 µg/L MUREAV 279,217,1992
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		40 mg/kg MUREAV 234,179,1990
micronucleus test skin
mouse 		20 µg/kg EMMUEG 17,163,1991
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		30 mg/kg PMRSDJ 1,698,1981
micronucleus test skin
mouse 		0.5 pph/3 day MUREAV 513,93,2002
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		6.3 mg/kg/9 week- intermittent JJATDK 15,59,1995
micronucleus test mouse mammary gland 1.77 mg/L/3 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 540,153,2003
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		320 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent TOLED5 144,183,2003
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		1,000 ppb MUREAV 390,33,1997
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		10 ppb/8 day- continuous ENMUDM 8,41,1986
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		60 ppb MUREAV 292,83,1993
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
other fish 		10 mg/kg CYTBAI 47,147,1986
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
rat 		800 mg/kg MUREAV 182,309,1987
micronucleus test oral
rat 		125 mg/kg MUREAV 278,165,1992
micronucleus test skin
rat 		1 pph/3 day MUREAV 513,93,2002
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 10 µg/plate PMRSDJ 1,456,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells intraperitoneal
hamster 		200 mg/kg TOLED5 2,277,1978
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 1 mg/L MUREAV 113,499,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster fibroblast 1 mg/L NATUAS 264,360,1976
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster embryo 500 µg/L CNREA8 44,1445,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human other cell types 100 nmol/L CRNGDP 1,765,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human fibroblast 100 nmol/L CNREA8 40,4070,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 3 µmol/L MUREAV 128,221,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 1,200 nmol/L ENMUDM 4,304,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 4,500 µg/L PMRSDJ 1,580,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse embryo 3 µmol/L PNASA6 76,930,1979
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse fibroblast 200 nmol/L CNREA8 42,1866,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells oral
mouse 		1,750 mg/kg CALEDQ 164,1,2001
mutation in mammalian somatic cells intraperitoneal
mouse 		32.3 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent CALEDQ 137,137,1999
mutation in mammalian somatic cells other fish fibroblast 5 mg/L AECTCV 10,663,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells rat other cell types 18,850 nmol/L ENMUDM 5,33,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells rat mammary gland 1 mg/L JJIND8 70,777,1983
mutation in mammalian somatic cells rat liver 1 µmol/L MUREAV 130,53,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells intraperitoneal
rat 		120 mg/kg/3 day CRNGDP 21,715,2000
morphological transform guinea pig other cell types 10 mg/L CNREA8 35,1035,1975
morphological transform hamster other cell types 1,200 nmol/L CNREA8 35,2413,1975
morphological transform hamster lung 10 µg/L TOLED5 1000(Sp Iss 1),18,1980
morphological transform intraperitoneal
hamster 		500 mg/kg ARPAAQ 95,380,1973
morphological transform hamster embryo 400 µg/L CBINA8 13,105,1976
morphological transform hamster kidney 80 µg/L BJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transform hamster fibroblast 1 mg/L NATUAS 264,360,1976
morphological transform parenteral
hamster 		1 mg/L PNASA6 56,672,1966
morphological transform hamster embryo 2.5 mg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,183,2003
morphological transform hamster embryo 1 mg/L/7 day TOLED5 142,77,2003
morphological transform human other cell types 10 mg/L ITCSAF 17,719,1981
morphological transform human fibroblast 3,200 µg/L CALEDQ 13,119,1981
morphological transform oral
mouse 		100 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent CNREA8 49,1236,1989
morphological transform mouse other cell types 100 µg/L IJCNAW 4,166,1969
morphological transform mouse embryo 100 µg/L PMRSDJ 5,659,1985
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 500 µg/L AETODY 1,133,1980
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.33 µmol/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transform rat other cell types 1 mg/L NEOLA4 30,303,1983
morphological transform rat liver 100 µmol/L CNREA8 43,5087,1983
morphological transform oral
rat 		200 mg/kg CNREA8 40,1157,1980
morphological transform rat embryo 15,400 µg/L JJIND8 67,1303,1981
other mutation test systems Escherichia coli 700 pmol/tube PNASA6 79,5971,1982
other mutation test systems hamster embryo 1 mg/L BICHAW 17,1597,1978
other mutation test systems skin
mouse 		4 mg/kg SCIEAS 199,778,1978
other mutation test systems skin
mouse 		200 mg/L CBINA8 4,155,1971/1972
other mutation test systems intraperitoneal
mouse 		50 mg/kg EMMUEG 19,259,1992
other mutation test systems Salmonella typhimurium 1 mg/L MUREAV 192,239,1987
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 400 ng/plate CSHCAL 4,1451,1977
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 0.5 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 36,206,2000
phage inhibition capacity hamster embryo 60 µg/L ENMUDM 6,474,1984
phage inhibition capacity Salmonella typhimurium 3,900 pmol/plate PPTCBY 9,337,1979
sister chromatid exchange parenteral
chicken 		31 µg/kg 47JMAE -,137,1982
sister chromatid exchange multiple
frog 		10 mg/L ENMUDM 8(Suppl 6),30,1986
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
hamster 		900 mg/kg/24 hour MUREAV 66,65,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 5,610 nmol/L MOTOEX 1,217,1987
sister chromatid exchange hamster embryo 10 ng/L CHYCDW 17,221,1983
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 1 µg/L JCINAO 64,1245,1979
sister chromatid exchange hamster fibroblast 500 µmol/L MUREAV 93,409,1982
sister chromatid exchange inhalation
hamster 		100 µg/L/5 day- intermittent NTIS** DE83-007112
sister chromatid exchange unreported route
hamster 		25 mg/kg EXPEAM 33,25,1977
sister chromatid exchange hamster other cell types 9,900 nmol/L CRNGDP 6,1627,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster liver 110 µg/L MUREAV 207,69,1988
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 5 mg/L/6 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 515,181,2002
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 20 mg/L/4 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 520,161,2002
sister chromatid exchange human leukocyte 50 µmol/L MUREAV 346,49,1995
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 1 µmol/L/72 hour CNREA8 49,6503,1989
sister chromatid exchange human fibroblast 1 mg/L MUREAV 58,317,1978
sister chromatid exchange human liver 1 mmol/L MUREAV 117,47,1983
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 0.3 mg/L/24 hour FCTOD7 39,485,2001
sister chromatid exchange monkey kidney 1 µmol/L CNREA8 45,3626,1985
sister chromatid exchange mouse lung 25 mg/kg PSEBAA 158,269,1978
sister chromatid exchange mouse embryo 1 µmol/L ENMUDM 2,245,1980
sister chromatid exchange mouse fibroblast 100 nmol/L CNREA8 42,1866,1982
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		20 mg/kg CRNGDP 10,1041,1989
sister chromatid exchange intravenous
mouse 		100 mg/kg JJMCAQ 38,207,1985
sister chromatid exchange mouse bone marrow 30 µmol/L MUREAV 224,465,1989
sister chromatid exchange mouse other cell types 30 µmol/L MUREAV 224,465,1989
sister chromatid exchange rat liver 1,600 pmol/L ECEBDI 52,355,1984
sister chromatid exchange rat other cell types 500 µmol/L MUREAV 93,409,1982
sister chromatid exchange rat Ascites tumor 1 mmol/L MUREAV 122,47,1983
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
rat 		25 mg/kg CRNGDP 10,1041,1989
sister chromatid exchange skin
rabbit 		30 µg/L PAACA3 21,94,1980
sister chromatid exchange rabbit lymphocyte 10 µmol/L/30 minute MUREAV 58,321,1978
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		5 mmol/L CNREA8 33,302,1973
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		100 µmol/L BIZNAT 102,271,1983
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster liver 1 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,397,1985
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction Saccharomyes cerevisiae 150 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,468,1981
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		250 µmol/L MUREAV 234,71,1990
specific locus test hamster ovary 5 mg/L PMRSDJ 1,594,1981
specific locus test hamster other cell types 0.5 µmol/L/24 hour MUREAV 517,135,2002
specific locus test hamster ovary 1 mg/L/9 day EMMUEG 16,260,1990
specific locus test hamster lung 4 mg/L/3 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 537,183,2003
specific locus test hamster ovary 5 mg/L/5 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 564,139,2004
specific locus test human other cell types 15 µg/L/10 hour MUREAV 472,93,2000
specific locus test human lymphocyte 0.1 mg/L/72 hour MUREAV 495,157,2001
specific locus test oral
mouse 		80 mg/kg ARTODN 38,99,1977
specific locus test parenteral
mouse 		100 mg/kg ARTODN 38,75,1977
specific locus test oral
mouse 		625 mg/kg/11 day- intermittent MUREAV 559,199,2004
specific locus test oral
other insects 		500 ppm MUREAV 268,155,1992
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
hamster 		25 mg/kg/5 day JTEHD6 8,929,1981
sperm morphology human sperm 200 mg/L/2 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 491,57,2001
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg/5 day PNASA6 72,4425,1975
sperm morphology parenteral
mouse 		500 mg/kg ARTODN 38,75,1977
sperm morphology unreported route
mouse 		200 mg/kg ENMUDM 4,318,1982
heritable translocation test skin
Drosophila melanogaster 		2 mmol/L/48 hour FCTOD7 39,485,2001


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 µg/m3 (11-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system REPTED 16,801,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 µg/m3 (11-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) 		REPTED 16,801,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 µg/m3 (11-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) 		TOXID9 72,125,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3 (14-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		TOXID9 72,125,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3 (8-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),338,2003
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,100 µg/kg (15-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral JDPHDH 19,67,1993
intraperitoneal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		JTEHD6 8,929,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis PPHAD4 1,143,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,500 mg/kg (5 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) PMRSDJ 1,712,1981
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (16-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system JTEHD6 6,569,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg (7 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Skin and skin appendages

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 20,365,1979
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth NTIS** CONF-771017
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg (13-17 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system 		JTEHD6 42,259,1994
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg (16-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic BNEOBV 38,291,1980
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (16 day prior to copulation-5 day after birth) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis DOESD6 54,410,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,280 mg/kg (16 day prior to copulation-5 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) DOESD6 54,410,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (7-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects TJADAB 19,37A,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (multigenerations) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		BIREBV 24,183,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg (12-14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic TJADAB 32,29A,1985
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg (7-16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) BIREBV 24,183,1981
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg (14 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus 		NSAPCC 272,89,1972
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 gm/kg (28 day prior to copulation/1-22 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		EXPEAM 20,224,1964
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,344 mg/kg (15 day prior to copulation-5 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) DOESD6 54,410,1981
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic 		PPHAD4 1,85,1980
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system CALEDQ 55,227,1990
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg (6-8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death 		TXCYAC 42,195,1986
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 µg/kg (1 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis TXAPA9 76,18,1984


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Brain and Coverings: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 29,1927,1969
inhalation
hamster 		lowest published toxic concentration: 9,500 µg/m3/4 hour/96 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Olfaction: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JJIND8 66,575,1981
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ng/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		GISAAA 47(7),23,1982
implant
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 651 mg/kg/21 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		JJIND8 65,921,1980
implant
frog 		lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		EXPEAM 20,143,1964
implant
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/22 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 47,5202,1987
implant
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BJCAAI 39,761,1979
implant
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		JJIND8 72,733,1984
implant
rat 		toxic dose : 500 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CALEDQ 20,97,1983
intramuscular
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,400 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		NTIS** DOE/EV/03140-5
intramuscular
rat 		toxic dose : 3,150 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PAACA3 21,72,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		ATSUDG 4,74,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (16-18 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JTEHD6 6,569,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 32.3 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		CALEDQ 137,137,1999
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 38 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		CALEDQ 185,13,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		MOCAE8 35,93,2002
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BJCAAI 12,65,1958
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		VOONC* -,950,1992
intratracheal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 64 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CALEDQ 3,231,1977
intratracheal
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/17 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CALEDQ 25,271,1985
intratracheal
hamster 		toxic dose : 360 mg/kg/36 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CNREA8 32,28,1972
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/10 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		PWPSA8 22,269,1979
intratracheal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		MUREAV 477,41,2001
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,200 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CRNGDP 10,1285,1989
intratracheal
rat 		toxic dose : 200 mg/kg/15 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Liver: Tumors 		31BYAP -,199,1974
intratracheal
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 145 mg/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma

Blood: Leukemia 		GANNA2 71,197,1980
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JNCIAM 1,225,1940
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 39 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CNREA8 29,506,1969
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (25 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath 		BEXBAN 85,369,1978
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/21 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		ZEKBAI 65,56,1962
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/75 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Leukemia 		GISAAA 45(12),14,1980
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		CALEDQ 159,113,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		CRNGDP 21,179,2000
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg/4 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		TOLED5 144,183,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Musculoskeletal: Tumors 		EXPTAX 18,288,1980
parenteral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 819 mg/kg/26 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		JJIND8 65,921,1980
rectal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Leukemia

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		ONCOBS 37,77,1980
rectal
mouse 		toxic dose : 560 mg/kg/14 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CALEDQ 20,117,1983
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 4,000 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma 		CNREA8 32,360,1972
subcutaneous
monkey 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		PSEBAA 127,594,1968
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (18-19 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system 		CALEDQ 55,227,1990
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		JJIND8 71,309,1983
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg (11-15 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		PSEBAA 135,84,1970
subcutaneous
mouse 		toxic dose : 8 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CNREA8 12,657,1952
subcutaneous
mouse 		toxic dose : 12 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		GANNA2 62,309,1971
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 455 µg/kg/60 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		CBINA8 29,159,1980
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg (multigenerations) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis 		BEXBAN 71,677,1971
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 28,500 µg/kg/19 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		FAATDF 9,297,1987
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 ng/kg/110 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		ARGEAR 50,266,1980
skin
mouse 		toxic dose : 12 mg/kg/20 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		CRNGDP 6,1483,1985
skin
mouse 		toxic dose : 26 mg/kg/65 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		AJPAA4 102,381,1981
skin
mouse 		toxic dose : 18 mg/kg/73 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		EVHPAZ 38,149,1981
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/32 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TXCYAC 163,1,2001
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 µg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TOXID9 72,86,2003
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/14 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TOXID9 72,86,2003
skin
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 17 mg/kg/57 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		HSZPAZ 236,79,1935
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/8 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		BEBMAE 88(11),592,1979


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 266.7 ng/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Olfaction: Other olfaction effects 		TOLED5 133,211,2002
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 23,288,1972
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes REPTED 5,379,1991
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes 		CBINA8 28,133,1979
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases 		TXAPA9 53,249,1980
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 193,84,2003
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above TXAPA9 193,84,2003
intraperitoneal
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases 		TXAPA9 192,45,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg Liver: Change in gall bladder structure or function

Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other 		BCPCA6 17,1049,1968
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes 		CBINA8 28,133,1979
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases 		CBINA8 143-144,55,2003
intrarenal
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 9 mg/kg N/R CNREA8 24,1969,1964
intratracheal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		TOLED5 143,223,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects FCTOD7 39,541,2001
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) 		TOLED5 129,33,2002
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg N/R ZEKBAI 69,103,1967
unreported route
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response TOXID9 72,174,2003


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 µg/m3/10 day- intermittent Endocrine: Estrogenic

Endocrine: Other changes 		REPTED 16,801,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 µg/m3/10 day- intermittent Endocrine: Change in LH

Endocrine: Androgenic

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) 		REPTED 17,527,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 µg/m3/6 hour/60 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Endocrine: Androgenic

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) 		TOXID9 72,325,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/4 hour/10 day- intermittent Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes TOXID9 72,338,2003
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli TOXID9 72,347,2003
oral
non-mammalian species 		lowest published toxic dose: 171 mg/kg/30 day- continuous Endocrine: Androgenic

Endocrine: Estrogenic

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight 		MAERE* 24,179,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg/90 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) TOXID9 30,323,1996
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,250 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TXAPA9 148,126,1998
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,000 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		TOXID9 72,132,2003
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response TOXID9 3,86,1983
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg/5 week- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) REPTED 15,479,2001
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/12 day- intermittent Immunological Including Allergic: Uncharacterized (multiple organ involvement) TOXID9 48,13,1999


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average L DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Suspected Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 3,91,1973
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 32,211,1983
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 32,211,1983
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2A IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 558,7,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 558,155,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 540,89,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 544,397,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PEXTAR 5,157,1964
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 5,257,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX Pc,4,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NTIS** CONF-691001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BLFSBY 24,129,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PVTMA3 9,622,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARPTDI 43,309,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,47,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 128,55,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,39,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 133,1,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 134,31,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,311,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,353,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,401,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,151,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,347,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.04 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND time-weighted average 0.003 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 0.00015 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.002 mg/m3, KTV 0.02 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.0002 ppm (0.002 mg/m3), Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Suspected Human Carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Suspected Human Carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: T0450;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 11;
Number of Occupations 1;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 32
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: T0450;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 75;
Number of Occupations 1;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 896;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 299


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264370)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Body fluid assay; Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/F344 rat; SHE-focus assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse prostate
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mouse spot test; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro SCE-human lymphocytes; In vitro SCE-human
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-mouse; D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver; V79 cell culture-gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: Cell transform.-BALB/c-3T3; SHE-clonal assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: Cell transform.-C3H/10T1/2
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman; In vivo SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster-nondisjunction
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent heritable translocation; Mouse specific locus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: UDS in mouse germ cells; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons by HPLC, 5506; by GC, 5515
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-58


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974
47JMAE "Cytogenetic Assays of Environmental Mutagens," Hsu, T.C., ed., Totowa, NJ, Allanheld, Osmun & Co., 1982
50NNAZ "Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, International Symposium, 7th, 1982," Cooke, M., and A.J. Dennis, eds., Columbus, OH, Battelle Press, 1983
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971
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ETOPFR Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology (Elsevier Science, P.O.Box 7247-7682,Philadelphia,PA 19170 -7682,USA OR Elsevier Science B.V.,P.O.Box 1270,1000 BG Amsterdam,The Netherlands) V.1- Feb.1996-
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GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP.
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
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JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JJMCAQ Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology. (National Institute of Health, 2-chome, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.5- 1952-
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JOUOD4 Journal of UOEH (University of Occupational and Environmental Health). (Univ. of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807, Japan) V.1- 1979-
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RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

Click Here for Additional Information about RTECS