The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Benzidine, 3,3' - dichloro -

RTECS #: DD0525000

CAS #: 91-94-1

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 253.14 MF: C12H10Cl2N2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  4. REVIEWS:
  5. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  6. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  7. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  8. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. (1,1' - Biphenyl) - 4,4' - diamine, 3,3' - dichloro -
  2. 3,3' - Dichlorbenzidin (Czech)
  3. 3,3' - Dichloro - 4,4' - biphenyldiamine
  4. 3,3' - Dichloro - 4,4' - diamino (1,1 - biphenyl)
  5. 3,3' - Dichloro - 4,4' - diaminobiphenyl
  6. 3,3' - Dichlorobenzidina (Spanish)
  7. 3,3' - Dichlorobenzidine
  8. 3,3' - Dichlorobenzidine (ACGIH)
  9. 3,3' - Dichlorobenzidine (OSHA)
  1. 3,3' - Dichlorobiphenyl - 4,4' - diamine
  2. 4,4' - Diamino - 3,3' - dichlorobiphenyl
  3. 4,4' - Diamino - 3,3' - dichlorodiphenyl
  4. C.I. 23060
  5. Curithane C126
  6. Dichlorobenzidine
  7. Dichlorobenzidine base
  8. RCRA waste number U073
  9. o,o' - Dichlorobenzidine


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay rat
Salmonella typhimurium 		40 mg/kg SAIGBL 23,426,1981
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 319,19,1993
DNA adduct mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 25,500 nmol/L CBINA8 38,369,1982
DNA damage human lymphocyte 40 µmol/L/2 hour TOSCF2 72,283,2003
DNA damage oral
mouse 		300 mg/kg MUREAV 440,1,1999
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 100 nmol/L CNREA8 38,2621,1978
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 50 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) CALEDQ 4,21,1977
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUTAEX 2,225,1987
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		1 gm/kg MUTAEX 2,267,1987
morphological transform hamster embryo 12,500 µg/L AETODY 1,241,1980
morphological transform hamster kidney 80 µg/L BJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transform mouse fibroblast 0.1 mg/L/21 day (-enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 35,300,2000
morphological transform rat embryo 5 mg/L JNCIAM 51,799,1973
other mutation test systems intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 319,19,1993


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/7 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		DUPON* HL623-74,1974
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 176 gm/kg/70 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		PAACA3 10,78,1969
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,100 mg/kg/43 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 17 gm/kg/50 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TXAPA9 31,159,1975
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 20 gm/kg/52 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 21 gm/kg/50 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		TXAPA9 31,159,1975
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (15-21 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		BEXBAN 78,1402,1974
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,200 mg/kg/47 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,600 mg/kg/61 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Other: Breast 		VOONAW 21(6),110,1975
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 7 gm/kg/43 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		VOONAW 5(5),524,1959


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average L (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 4,49,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 29,239,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 29,239,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMSUDL 7,193,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADCSAJ 13,271,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED time-weighted average DTLVS* 3,77,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1910.1007 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1107 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1915.1007 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) cancer suspect agent CFRGBR 29,1910.1007,1987
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND 0.1 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE-air Carcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1007 NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/121980)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, 5509
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) No.1- 1950-
AETODY Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology. (Senate Press, Inc., P.O. Box 252, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550) V.1- 1980-
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
DUPON* E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Technical Sheet. (1007 Market St., Wilmington, DE 19898)
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research. (Waverly Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1954-
SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959-
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955-

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector

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