The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Benzene, ethyl -

RTECS #: DA0700000

CAS #: 100-41-4

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 106.18 MF: C8H10


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Aethylbenzol (German)
  2. Ethyl benzene
  3. Ethyl benzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
  4. Ethylbenzeen (Dutch)
  5. Ethylbenzene
  1. Ethylbenzol
  2. Etilbenzene (Italian)
  3. Etylobenzen (Polish)
  4. NCI - C56393
  5. Phenylethane


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		500 mg severe AJOPAA 29,1363,1946
skin
rabbit 		15 mg/24 hour open irritation test mild AIHAAP 23,95,1962


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
micronucleus test hamster embryo 25 mg/L MUREAV 392,61,1997
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 80 mg/L EMMUEG 12,85,1988
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 10 mmol/L MUREAV 116,379,1983


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 97 ppm/7 hour (15 day prior to copulation) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) NTIS** PB83-208074
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 985 ppm/7 hour (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) NTIS** PB83-208074
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 96 ppm/7 hour (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system NTIS** PB83-208074
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3/24 hour (7-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		ATSUDG 8,425,1985
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2,400 mg/m3/24 hour (7-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) ATSUDG 8,425,1985
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm (6 hour/6-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		FCTOD7 41,415,2003
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 99 ppm/7 hour (1-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) NTIS** PB83-208074
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/24 hour (7-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) ATSUDG 8,425,1985
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 gm/m3/24 hour (7-20 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion ATSUDG 8,425,1985


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma

Liver: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-466,1999
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 46,350 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		NTIS** PB99-134694
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 46,350 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		NTIS** PB99-134694
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/1 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains 		TOSCF2 71,53,2003
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-466,1999
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 23,400 mg/kg/104 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors 		NTIS** PB99-134694
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 19,500 mg/kg/104 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors 		NTIS** PB99-134694
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/1 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors

Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains 		TOSCF2 71,53,2003


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 10,000 ppm Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Tremor 		PHRPA6 45,1241,1930
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,500 ppm/8 hour Behavioral: Coma NETEEC 24,503,2002
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/8 hour Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Sleep

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		AIHAAP 31,206,1970
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 21,700 mg/m3 Behavioral: Antipsychotic VCVGH* -,153,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 8,700 mg/m3/6 minute Eye: Lacrimation VCVGH* -,153,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,350 mg/m3 Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Behavioral: Tolerance 		VCVGH* -,153,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4,350 mg/m3 Eye: Conjunctiva irritation VCVGH* -,153,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/4 hour Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		NRTXDN 24,179,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 50 gm/m3/2 hour N/R GTPZAB 5(5),3,1961
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/6 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression TOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 35,500 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,152,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 10,000 ppm Behavioral: General anesthetic

Behavioral: Ataxia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease 		VCVGH* -,152,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 5,000 ppm/30 minute N/R VCVGH* -,152,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 4,000 ppm/4 hour N/R AIHAAP 23,95,1962
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 55,000 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,152,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,624 µL/kg N/R ARTODN 58,106,1985
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,062 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) 		TXAPA9 179,74,2002
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,500 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		AMIHAB 14,387,1956
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,500 mg/kg N/R VCVGH* -,152,1990
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17,800 µL/kg N/R FCTXAV 13,803,1975


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/7 year- intermittent Behavioral: Headache

Behavioral: Irritability 		VCVGH* -,154,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 975 ppm/6 hour/97 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		NTPTR* NIH-92-3129
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 782 ppm/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight FAATDF 13,399,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 740 ppm/6 hour/92 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight 		NTPTR* NIH-92-3129
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 782 ppm/6 hour/4 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Blood: Changes in platelet count 		FAATDF 13,399,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 550 ppm/8 hour/5 day- intermittent Ear: Change in acuity

Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function 		NETEEC 24,503,2002
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,000 ppm/6 hour/8 day- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Behavioral: Food intake (animal) 		FCTOD7 41,415,2003
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/4 hour/30 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Other changes

Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count 		GTPZAB 8(2),9,1964
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,386 mg/kg/24 week- continuous Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		VCVGH* -,154,1990


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 100 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 100 ppm; short term exposure limit 125 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value short term exposure limit 125 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 77,564,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,111,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 128,99,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 140-141,261,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 5432012003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,151,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,104,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 125 ppm, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 100 ppm (440 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 125 ppm (543 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (655 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 100 ppm (440 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 100 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 200 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 215 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 350 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 100 ppm, short term exposure limit 50 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), KTV 100 ppm (450 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), KZG- week 500 ppm (2175 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 100 ppm (441 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 125 ppm (552 mg/m3), SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

short term exposure limit 125 ppm
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
short term exposure limit 125 ppm


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYL BENZENE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 100 ppm;
short term exposure limit 125 ppm 		NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 31830;
Number of Industries 64;
Total Number of Facilities 7,190;
Number of Occupations 55;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 57,442
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 31830;
Number of Industries 126;
Total Number of Facilities 17,633;
Number of Occupations 92;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 201,833;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 34,405


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/166647)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used in STYRENE manufacture and in synthesis of p-NITROACETOPHENONE
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, aromatic, 1501
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);clear evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (inhalation):some evidence:mouse NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:mouse
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-10, October 2000
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1002


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PHRPA6 Public Health Reports. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1878-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOSCF2 Toxicological Sciences (Oxford University Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887 ) V. 41, Jan. 1998-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.

Used in STYRENE manufacture and in synthesis of p-NITROACETOPHENONE

Top 50 chemical production: 10.99 billions lbs in 1992, 8.87 billions in 1991

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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