The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Benzene, nitro -

RTECS #: DA6475000

CAS #: 98-95-3

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 123.12 MF: C6H5NO2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Essence of mirbane
  2. Essence of myrbane
  3. Mirbane oil
  4. NCI - C60082
  5. Nitrobenzeen (Dutch)
  6. Nitrobenzen (Polish)
  1. Nitrobenzene
  2. Nitrobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
  3. Nitrobenzol
  4. Oil of mirbane
  5. Oil of myrbane
  6. RCRA waste number U169


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 85JCAE -,411,1986
skin
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 85JCAE -,411,1986


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA adduct intraperitoneal
mouse 		0.1 µg/kg TOLED5 139,25,2003
mutation in microorganisms hamster lung 200 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) BLFSBY 39,359,1986


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/6 hour (90 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		TOXID9 4,181,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,260 µg/m3/4 hour (1-21 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities 		GTPZAB 31(4),48,1987
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/6 hour (12 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands 		FAATDF 8,493,1987
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 41 ppm/6 hour (7-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Other effects on female TOXID9 6,93,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg (1 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct 		TXCYAC 53,219,1988
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,260 mg/kg (21 day male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) 		JTSCDR 20,15,1995
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 3,180 mg/kg (2 week male/2 week prior to copulation-3 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		JTSCDR 19,141,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,300 mg/kg (2 week male/2 week prior to copulation-3 day after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects JTSCDR 19,141,1994


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		FAATDF 22,328,1994
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		FAATDF 22,328,1994


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2 gm/m3 N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 556 ppm/4 hour Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		NTIS** 0TS0570970
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Behavioral: Coma 		RMSRA6 16,449,1896
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 640 mg/kg Behavioral: General anesthetic

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		AGGHAR 17,217,1959
intravenous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg N/R XPHBAO 271,79,1941
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg N/R XPHBAO 271,78,1941
oral
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 750 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 590 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 25(8),50,1981
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct TOLED5 139,1,2003
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 349 mg/kg Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		NTIS** OTS0559505
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight 		REPTED 6,491,1992
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 341 mg/kg Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases 		TOLED5 135,S132,2002
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 25,41,2000
oral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 700 mg/kg N/R PCOC** -,805,1966
oral
woman 		lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg Behavioral: General anesthetic

Vascular: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation 		ATXKA8 28,208,1971
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 286 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		PSEBAA 42,844,1939
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
skin
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 25 gm/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
skin
mouse 		lowest published lethal dose: 480 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		XPHBAO 271,79,1941
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,100 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 24(9),15,1959
skin
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 600 mg/kg N/R HBAMAK 4,1375,1935
unreported route
man 		lowest published lethal dose: 35 mg/kg N/R 85DCAI 2,73,1970
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 460 mg/kg N/R USXXAM #6127591


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6 hour/90 day- intermittent Endocrine: Other changes

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		NTIS** 0TS0570697
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 800 µg/m3/24 hour/73 day- continuous Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase 		GISAAA 29(8),5,1964
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6 hour/90 day- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in spleen 		NTIS** 0TS0570697
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,400 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above

Blood: Changes in spleen

Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) 		DCTODJ 17,271,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/3 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in spleen TOXID9 3,125,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,960 mg/kg/49 day- intermittent Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) JTSCDR 27,11,2002
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/10 day- intermittent Blood: Other changes FATOAO 35,108,1972


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 65,381,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 65,381,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 65,381,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,321,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,227,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* 3,183,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 3 ppm (15 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 5 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 1 ppm, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), KTV 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), KZG- week 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin,JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.1 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 2 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NITROBENZENE-air 10 hour time-weighted average 1 ppm (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 50760;
Number of Industries 21;
Total Number of Facilities 1,022;
Number of Occupations 24;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 10,578
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 50760;
Number of Industries 10;
Total Number of Facilities 654;
Number of Occupations 12;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 5,080;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 474


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/91/180398/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used as an intermediate, and as a solvent
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8703;8EHQ-0293-8723
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0293-8724;8EHQ-0892-9102
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9103
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nitrobenzenes, 2005
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986
AGGHAR Archiv fuer Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-18, 1930-61. For publisher information, see IAEHDW.
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN.
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939-
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.)
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PCOC** Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. (Topeka, KS)
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
RMSRA6 Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. (Societe Medicale de La Suisse Romande, 2 rue Bellefontaine, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1- 1881-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9, Washington, DC 20231)
XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC)

Used as an intermediate, and as a solvent

NIOSH PROFILE (NITROBENZENES), SRC, 10/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Agricultural Chemical
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Natural Product
   Primary Irritant

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