Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature for OSHA-Regulated Substances

Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature
for OSHA-Regulated Substances

Lead, inorganic

CAS No: 7439-92-1

NOTE:
(1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.
(2) NIOSH references include diagnostic, screening, and other tests.
(3) OSHA mandated medical tests, if any, are provided in BOLD on a yellow background.
(4) This HTML page was created from DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-11O. December 2004.
(5) If a medical test/examination contains multiple references, each is listed separately.

Editor(s) / Author(s)
Specific Medical Test(s)
or Examination(s)
Reference(s)

US DOL OSHA.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)
Blood Lead Level
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Zinc Protoporphyrin
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Serum Creatinine

Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.

US DOL OSHA.

Blood Pressure

Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.

US DOL OSHA.

Urinalysis (routine)
Microscopic Examination

Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.

Baselt RC.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.

Linch AL.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

ACGIH.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.

Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.

Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.

LaDou J, ed.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.

Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Blood Lead Level

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Blood Lead Level

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.

Blood Lead Level

Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.

Dillon HK, Ho MH.

Blood Lead Level

Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals. Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991.

Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Blood Lead Level

Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.

Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.

Blood Lead Level

Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Biologic Tissue/Biopsy

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Complete Blood Count

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Complete Blood Count

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Nerve Conduction Studies

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Neurologic Examination/Electromyography

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Red Blood Cells/Count

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Red Blood Cells/Count
Zinc Protoporphyrin

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Red Blood Cells/Count
Zinc Protoporphyrin

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.

Red Blood Cells/Count
Zinc Protoporphyrin

Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.

Baselt RC.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.

Linch AL.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.

Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.

Dillon HK, Ho MH.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals. Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991.

LaDou J, ed.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.

Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)
End-Of-Shift

NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Urinalysis (routine)
24-Hour Collection

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Baselt RC.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.

Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.

Zinc Protoporphyrin

Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Zinc Protoporphyrin
After 1 Month Exposure

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

LaDou J, ed.

Zinc Protoporphyrin
After 1 Month Exposure

Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.

Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Zinc Protoporphyrin
After 1 Month Exposure

Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.

Editor(s) / Author(s)	Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s)	Reference(s)
US DOL OSHA.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite) Blood Lead Level Hemoglobin Hematocrit Zinc Protoporphyrin Blood Urea Nitrogen Serum Creatinine	Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.
US DOL OSHA.	Blood Pressure	Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.
US DOL OSHA.	Urinalysis (routine) Microscopic Examination	Code of Federal Regulations. 29 CFR Part 1910.1000. Subpart Z. Air Contaminants. US Government Printing Office. July 1, 2004.
Baselt RC.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.
Linch AL.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
ACGIH.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.
Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.
Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
LaDou J, ed.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.
Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Blood Lead Level	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Blood Lead Level	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.	Blood Lead Level	Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.
Dillon HK, Ho MH.	Blood Lead Level	Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals. Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991.
Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Blood Lead Level	Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.
Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.	Blood Lead Level	Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Biologic Tissue/Biopsy	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Complete Blood Count	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Complete Blood Count	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Nerve Conduction Studies	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Neurologic Examination/Electromyography	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Red Blood Cells/Count	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Red Blood Cells/Count Zinc Protoporphyrin	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Red Blood Cells/Count Zinc Protoporphyrin	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.	Red Blood Cells/Count Zinc Protoporphyrin	Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.
Baselt RC.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.
Linch AL.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.
Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
Dillon HK, Ho MH.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals. Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991.
LaDou J, ed.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.
Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.	Urine (chemical/metabolite) End-Of-Shift	NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Urinalysis (routine) 24-Hour Collection	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Baselt RC.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
Atio A, Riihimaki V, Vainio H. eds.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	Biological Monitoring and Surveillance of Workers Exposed to Chemicals. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 1984.
Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.	Zinc Protoporphyrin	Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Zinc Protoporphyrin After 1 Month Exposure	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
LaDou J, ed.	Zinc Protoporphyrin After 1 Month Exposure	Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2nd Edition. Appleton and Lange. 1997.
Hathaway GJ, Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Zinc Protoporphyrin After 1 Month Exposure	Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. 4th Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, New York. 1996.