Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature for OSHA-Regulated Substances

Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature
for OSHA-Regulated Substances

Cobalt metal, dust, and fume

CAS No: 7440-48-4

NOTE:
(1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.
(2) NIOSH references include diagnostic, screening, and other tests.
(3) OSHA mandated medical tests, if any, are provided in BOLD on a yellow background.
(4) This HTML page was created from DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-11O. December 2004.
(5) If a medical test/examination contains multiple references, each is listed separately.

Editor(s) / Author(s)
Specific Medical Test(s)
or Examination(s)
Reference(s)

Linch AL.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

ACGIH.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.

Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)

NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.

Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)
End-Of-Shift

Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.

ACGIH.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)
End of Shift at End of Workweek

2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.

Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.

Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)
End of Workweek

Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Blood Serum

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Biologic Tissue/Biopsy

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Chest X-ray

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Chest X-ray

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.

Pulmonary Function Tests
Forced Vital Capacity
Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec)

NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.

Proctor NH, Hughes JP.

Pulmonary Function Tests
Forced Vital Capacity
Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec)

Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.

Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.

Kneip TJ, Crable JV.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.

Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)

Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.

Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)
End-Of-Shift

Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.

Baselt RC.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)
End of Shift at End of Workweek

Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.

ACGIH.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)
End of Shift at End of Workweek

2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.

Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.

Urine (chemical/metabolite)
End of Workweek

Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.

Editor(s) / Author(s)	Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s)	Reference(s)
Linch AL.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring for Industrial Chemical Exposure Control. CRC Press. 1974.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
ACGIH.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.
Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite)	NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th Edition. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-113.
Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite) End-Of-Shift	Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.
ACGIH.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite) End of Shift at End of Workweek	2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.
Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.	Whole Blood (chemical/metabolite) End of Workweek	Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Blood Serum	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Biologic Tissue/Biopsy	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Chest X-ray	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Chest X-ray	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
US DHHS PHS CDC NIOSH and US DOL OSHA.	Pulmonary Function Tests Forced Vital Capacity Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec)	NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS (NIOSH) Pub No. 81-123; 88-118; Suppls. I-IV. 1981–1995.
Proctor NH, Hughes JP.	Pulmonary Function Tests Forced Vital Capacity Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec)	Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. JB Lippincott Company. 1978.
Lauwerys RR, Hoet P.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Industrial Chemical Exposure. Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. 3rd Edition. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, Inc. 2001.
Kneip TJ, Crable JV.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Methods for Biological Monitoring —A Manual for Assessing Human Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Am Public Health Association. 1988.
Clarkson TW, Friberg L, Nordberg GF, Sager PR.	Urine (chemical/metabolite)	Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.	Urine (chemical/metabolite) End-Of-Shift	Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.
Baselt RC.	Urine (chemical/metabolite) End of Shift at End of Workweek	Biological Monitoring Methods for Industrial Chemicals. 3rd Edition. Chemical Toxicology Institute,1997.
ACGIH.	Urine (chemical/metabolite) End of Shift at End of Workweek	2004 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. ACGIH Worldwide. 2004.
Fiserova-Bergerova V, Vlach J.	Urine (chemical/metabolite) End of Workweek	Timing of sample collection for biological monitoring of occupational exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 41/3:345-353, 1997.