International Chemical Safety Cards 1,4-DIOXANE ICSC: 0041 1,4-Diethylene dioxide 1,4-Diethyleneoxide C4H8O2 Molecular mass: 88.1 ICSC #    0041 CAS #     123-91-1 RTECS # JG8225000 UN #        1165 EC #         603-024-00-5 April 26, 1993 Peer reviewed TYPES OF HAZARD/ EXPOSURE ACUTE HAZARDS/ SYMPTOMS PREVENTION FIRST AID/ FIRE FIGHTING FIRE Highly flammable. NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. NO contact with strong oxidants. NO contact with hot surfaces. Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. EXPLOSION Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible materials: see Chemical Dangers. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Use non-sparking handtools. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. EXPOSURE AVOID ALL CONTACT!  •INHALATION Headache. Nausea. Cough. Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Vomiting. Unconsciousness. Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.  •SKIN MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.  •EYES Redness. Pain. Causes watering of the eyes. Face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.  •INGESTION (Further see Inhalation). Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention. SPILLAGE DISPOSAL STORAGE PACKAGING & LABELLING Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids. Cool. Dry. Keep in the dark. Store only if stabilized. Airtight. Note: D F symbol Xn symbol R: 11-19-36/37-40-66 S: 2-9-16-36/37-46 UN Hazard Class: 3 UN Packing Group: II SEE IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON BACK ICSC: 0041 Prepared in the context of cooperation between the International Programme on Chemical Safety & the Commission of the European Communities (C) IPCS CEC 1994. No modifications to the International version have been made except to add the OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values.

International Chemical Safety Cards 1,4-DIOXANE ICSC: 0041 I M P O R T A N T D A T A PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: COLOURLESS LIQUID , WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. PHYSICAL DANGERS: The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated. CHEMICAL DANGERS: The substance can form explosive peroxides. Reacts vigorously with strong oxidants and concentrated strong acids. Reacts explosively with some catalysts (e.g., Raney-nickel above 210°C). Attacks many plastics. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS: TLV: 20 ppm as TWA; (skin) A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); (ACGIH 2004). MAK: 20 ppm, 73 mg/m³; Peak limitation category: I(2); skin absorption (H); Carcinogen category: 4; Pregnancy risk group: D; (DFG 2004). OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) skin NIOSH REL: Ca C 1 ppm (3.6 mg/m3) 30-minute See Appendix A NIOSH IDLH: Potential occupational carcinogen 500 ppm ROUTES OF EXPOSURE: The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and through the skin. INHALATION RISK: A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C on spraying much faster. EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: The substance is irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract . The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, liver and kidneys. Exposure to high vapour concentrations may result in unconsciousness. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE: The liquid defats the skin. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Boiling point: 101°C Melting point: 12°C Relative density (water = 1): 1.03 Solubility in water: miscible Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 4.1 Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.0 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.08 Flash point: 12°C Auto-ignition temperature: 180°C Explosive limits, vol% in air: 2-22.5 Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: -0.42 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA N O T E S Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient. Check for peroxides prior to distillation; render harmless if positive. Card has been partly updated in April 2005. See sections Occupational Exposure Limits, EU classification. Transport Emergency Card: TEC (R)-30S1165 NFPA Code: H2; F3; R1; ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ICSC: 0041 1,4-DIOXANE (C) IPCS, CEC, 1994

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE: Neither NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS nor any person acting on behalf of NIOSH, the CEC or the IPCS is responsible for the use which might be made of this information. This card contains the collective views of the IPCS Peer Review Committee and may not reflect in all cases all the detailed requirements included in national legislation on the subject. The user should verify compliance of the cards with the relevant legislation in the country of use. The only modifications made to produce the U.S. version is inclusion of the OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs and NIOSH IDLH values.