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NIOSH REL: 1 ppm (7 mg/m3) TWA [skin]; NIOSH considers 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane to be a potential occupational carcinogen as defined by the OSHA carcinogen policy [29 CFR 1990].
Current OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (7 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
19931994 ACGIH TLV: 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
Description of substance: Colorless to paleyellow liquid with a pungent, chloroformlike odor.
LEL: . . Noncombustible Liquid
Original (SCP) IDLH: 150 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Negherbon [1959] that a 30minute exposure to 146 ppm caused vertigo (along with irritation of the mucous membranes, sense of pressure in the head, and fatigue) in humans; the same effects were noted after a 10minute exposure to 335 ppm [Lehmann et al. 1936].
Shortterm exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
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| Rat
Mouse Cat Rat | Carpenter et al. 1949
Izmerov et al. 1982 Lehmann et al. 1936 Smyth 1956 |
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Human data: A 30minute exposure to 146 ppm has
caused vertigo, irritation of the mucous membranes, sense of pressure
in the head, and fatigue; the same effects were noted after a
10minute exposure to 335 ppm [Lehmann et al. 1936;
Negherbon 1959].
| Revised IDLH: 100 ppm
Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane is 100 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Lehmann et al. 1936; Negherbon 1959] and animals [Izmerov et al. 1982]. [Note: NIOSH recommends as part of its carcinogen policy that the "most protective" respirators be worn for 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane at concentrations above 1 ppm.] |
REFERENCES:
1. Carpenter CP, Smyth HF Jr, Pozzani UC [1949]. The assay of acute vapor toxicity and the grading and interpretation of results on 96 chemical compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 31(6):343346.
2. Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK [1982]. Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. Moscow, Russia: Centre of International Projects, GKNT, p. 75.
3. Lehmann KB, SchmidtKehl L, Ruf H, Crescitelli, Dahl, Eppinghausen, Eshe, Falker, Grotefendt, Junkenita, Maier, Mergner, Pantehtsch, Schlitzer, Shoenes, Spettmann, Wirges, Bamsreiter, Benninger, Lazarus, Manasse, Kummeth, Reuss, Schwarzweller [1936]. The 13 most important chlorinated hydrocarbons of the aliphatic series from the standpoint of occupational hygiene. Arch Hyg Bakteriol 116:132200 (translated).
4. Negherbon WO [1959]. Handbook of toxicology. Vol. III. Insecticides, a compendium. WrightPatterson Air Force Base, OH: U.S. Air Force, Air Research and Development Command, Wright Air Development Center, Aero Medical Laboratory, WADC Technical Report 5516, p. 735.
5. Smyth HF Jr [1956]. Improved communication: hygienic standards
for daily inhalation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q 17(2):129185.
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