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NIOSH REL: 0.1 mg/m3 STEL [skin]
Current OSHA PEL: 2 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm) CEILING [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 STEL [skin]
19931994 ACGIH TLV: 0.46 mg/m3 (0.05 ppm) TWA [skin]
Description of substance: Colorless to paleyellow, viscous liquid or solid (below 56°F).
LEL: . . Unknown
Original (SCP) IDLH*: 500 mg/m3 [*Note: "Effective" IDLH = 200 mg/m3 -- see discussion below.]
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: No data on acute inhalation toxicity are available on which to base the IDLH for ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) and/or nitroglycerin. The chosen IDLH, therefore, is based on chronic toxicity data concerning the physiological response of animals to EGDN. According to Patty [1963], rats and guinea pigs survived 6 months of exposure to 500 mg/m3 (80 ppm) EGDN with the only effect being slight drowsiness and some Heinz body formation [Stein 1956]. Although Patty [1963] stated that EGDN is more toxic for cats and rabbits, the chosen IDLH is still probably conservative because cats given 2hour daily exposures to 21 ppm EGDN for 1,000 days exhibited only marked blood changes [von Oettingen 1946]. However, because of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device, 2,000 ´ the OSHA PEL of 0.1 mg/m3 (i.e., 200 mg/m3) is the concentration above which only the "most protective" respirators are permitted.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal dose data:
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| Rabbit | Horioka et al. 1982 | |||||
| Rat | Pharmacol Ther 1985 | |||||
| Mouse | Pharmacol Ther 1985 |
Human data: Headaches have developed in workers exposed
to 0.4 to 0.67 mg/m3 for 25 minutes; all
had decreases in blood pressure [Trainor and Jones 1966]. Ethylene
glycol dinitrate and nitroglycerine are vasodilators and initial
exposures result in headache, dizziness, nausea, or decreases
in blood pressure; however, workers become tolerant of the vasodilatory
activity after 2 to 4 days of exposure [NIOSH 1978]. It has
been estimated that the lethal oral dose in humans is 200 mg
although others have survived doses of 1,200 mg with no apparent
ill effects [Rabinowitch 1944]. [Note: An oral dose of 200 mg
is equivalent to a worker being exposed to about 150 mg/m3
for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters
per minute and 100% absorption.]
| Revised IDLH: 75 mg/m3
Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for nitroglycerine is 75 mg/m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in humans [NIOSH 1978] and animals [Pharmacol 1985]. |
REFERENCES:
1. Horioka M, Saito T, Takagi K, Takasugi M, eds. [1982]. Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). p. 786.
2. NIOSH [1978]. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to nitroglycerine and ethylene glycol dinitrate. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78167.
3. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 2094.
4. Pharmacol Ther [1985]; 13(7):36493673 (in Japanese).
5. Rabinowitch IM [1944]. Acute nitroglycerine poisoning. Can Med Assoc J 50:199202.
6. Stein W [1956]. Mechanism of action of chronic inhalation of nitroglycol (translated). Arch Gewerbepath Gewerbehyg 15:2326 (translated).
7. Trainor DC, Jones RC [1966]. Headaches in explosive magazine workers. Arch Environ Health 12:231234.
8. von Oettingen WF [1946]. The effects of aliphatic nitrous and
nitric acid esters on the physiological functions with special
reference to their chemical constitution. NIH Bulletin 186:29.
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