CAS number: 2698411
NIOSH REL: 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
Current OSHA PEL: 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
19931994 ACGIH TLV: 0.05 ppm (0.39 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
Description of Substance: White crystalline solid with a pepperlike odor.
LEL: . . Unknown
Original (SCP) IDLH: 2 mg/m3
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the Army [1961] report that a 2minute exposure to concentrations between 2 and 10 mg/m3 was considered "intolerable" by 6 of 15 persons. Grant [1974] reported that human volunteers have found concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3 to be extremely irritating, intolerable for more than 30 seconds because of burning and pain in the eyes and chest [Punte et al. 1963].
Shortterm exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
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Other animal data: RD50(mouse), 4.08 mg/m3 [Alarie 1981].
Human data: It has been reported that median incapacitating
concentrations range from 12 to 20 mg/m3 after
about 20 seconds of exposure [U.S. Depts of Army and Air Force
1963] and that a 2minute exposure to concentrations between
2 and 10 mg/m3 was considered "intolerable"
by 6 of 15 persons [Army 1961]. In another study, 3 of 4 volunteers
exposed to 1.5 mg/m3 for 90 minutes developed
headaches and 1 volunteer developed slight eye and nose irritation;
human volunteers have found concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3
to be extremely irritating and intolerable for more than 30 seconds
because of burning and pain in the eyes and chest [Punte et al.
1963]. Exposures above 14 mg/m3 for 1 hour
produced extreme irritation, erythema, and vesication of the skin
of volunteers [Weigand 1969].
Revised IDLH: 2 mg/m3 [Unchanged]
Basis for revised IDLH: Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in human volunteers [Army 1961; Punte et al. 1963; U.S. Depts of Army and Air Force 1963; Weigand 1969], the original IDLH for ochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (2 mg/m3) is not being revised at this time. |
REFERENCES:
1. Alarie Y [1981]. Doseresponse analysis in animal studies: prediction of human responses. Environ Health Perspect 42:913.
2. Army [1961]. U.S. Army, Chemical Corps Safety Directive No. 38512. Safety guide for processing, filling, handling and decontamination of CS and CS1. Edgewood Arsenal, MD: CML C SD38512, p. 4.
3. Ballantyne B, Swanston DW [1978]. The comparative acute mammalian toxicity of 1chloroacetophenone (CN) and 2chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS). Arch Toxicol 40:7595.
4. Grant WM [1974]. Toxicology of the eye. 2nd ed. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, pp. 263264.
5. Punte CL, Owens EJ, Gutentag PJ [1963]. Exposures to orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile: controlled human exposures. Arch Environ Health 6:366374.
6. U.S. Departments of the Army and Air Force [1963]. Military chemistry and chemical agents. Washington, DC: Army Technical Manual TM3215; Air Force Manual AFM 3557, December 1963.
7. Weigand DA [1969]. Cutaneous reaction to the riot control agent
CS. Milit Med 134:437.
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