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NIOSH REL: 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) TWA,
15.6 ppm (60 mg/m3) 15minute CEILING [skin]
Current OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
Description of substance: Colorless to lightpink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor.
LEL :. . 1.8% (10% LEL, 1,800 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 250 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on an analogy with cresol which has an IDLH of 250 ppm.
Existing shortterm exposure guidelines: 1991 American
Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Emergency Response Planning
Guidelines (ERPGs):
ERPG1: 10 ppm (60minute)
ERPG2: 50 ppm (60minute)
ERPG3: 200 ppm (60minute)
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
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| Mammal
Rat Mouse | Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1955 Nagoznyi 1976 Nagoznyi 1976 |
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Lethal dose data:
| Rat
Rabbit Dog Cat Mouse |
Brown and Lamson 1935 Deichmann & Witherup 1944 Flury and Zernik 1935 Flury and Zernik 1935 Korolev et al. 1973 |
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Other animal data: RD50 (mouse), 166 ppm [DeCeaurriz et al. 1981]. In rats, an exposure of 312 ppm for 1 hour only resulted in lacrimation and eye and nasal irritation; a slight loss of coordination was reported within 4 hours of exposure to 230 ppm [Flickinger 1976].
Human data: It has been stated that the toxicity of phenol
is closely related to that of cresol [ACGIH 1991]. It has been
reported that 14 to 140 mg/kg is the lethal oral dose [Deichmann
and Gerarde 1969; Lefaux 1978]. [Note: An oral dose of 14 to 140 mg/kg
is equivalent to a 70kg worker being exposed to 167 to 1,670 ppm
for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters
per minute and 100% absorption.]
| Revised IDLH: 250 ppm [Unchanged]
Basis for revised IDLH: Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Flickinger 1976] and an analogy to cresol [ACGIH 1991] which has a revised IDLH of 250 ppm, the original IDLH for phenol of 250 ppm is not being revised at this time. |
REFERENCES:
1. ACGIH [1991]. Cresol, all isomers. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 340341.
2. Brown HW, Lamson PD [1935]. Oral toxicity of orthonalkylphenols to white rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 32:592594.
3. DeCeaurriz JC, Micillino JC, Bonnet P, Guenier JP [1981]. Sensory irritation caused by various industrial airborne chemicals. Toxicol Lett 9(2):137143.
4. Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW [1969]. Phenol (carbolic acid). In: Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 463464.
5. Deichmann WB, Witherup S [1944]. Phenol studies. VI. The acute and comparative toxicity of phenol and o, m and pcresols for experimental animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 80:233240.
6. Flickinger CW [1976]. The benzenediols: catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone: a review of the industrial toxicology and current industrial exposure limits. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 37:596606.
7. Flury F, Zernik F [1935]. Zusammenstellung der toxischen und letalen dosen für die gebräuchlichsten gifte und versuchstiere. Abder Hand Biol Arbeitsmethod 4:1319 (in German).
8. Gig Tr Prof Zabol [1955]. On the toxicity and maximum permissible concentration of a complex set of the neoleucorite (phenoformaldhyde) resin volatile products; 19(8):3740 (in Russian).
9. Korolev AA, Abirdir AA, et al. [1973]. Hygienic and toxicologic features of products of phenol destruction in ozone treatment of water. Gig Sanit 38(8):610 (in Russian).
10. Lefaux R [1978]. Practical toxicology of plastics. Cleveland, OH: Chemical Rubber Co., p. 329.
11. Nagoznyi PA [1976]. About the elimination of the problem of
combined effect of several toxic materials. Gig Sanit 41(6):103105
(in Russian).
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